test 1 animal nutrition 5/15
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Created by:
ricky_bball_92 on May 15, 2012
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53 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 2 groups of microbes who are managed seperatly | 1. forage digesting microbes 2. grain producing microbes |
| grain producing microbes | doesnt produce as much lactic acid(more energy conserving) |
| the rumen will adjust to have the correct population of microbes depending on they are eating a ____ ____, or a ____ _____ | 1. forage ration 2. grain ration |
| lactic acidosis | when the feces is a gray-green. when cattle eats a lot of grain with a huge population of forage loving microbes who arent efficient at digesting grain and an excessive build up of lactic acid occures which kills the stumach |
| ruminal tymphany (bloat) | excess build up of gases. |
| danger of a frothy bloat | methane is trapped in bubbles on the surface of liquid and cant be eructed. once the ruman get filled up so much it starts pushing on the lungs and can cause suffocation |
| _____ are the worst thing for milk for calves, destroys the quality of milk | microbes |
| suckling | causes a reflix to make the reticular groove come into effect and detours the milk from microbial digestion |
| the reticulum, rumen, and omasum mature when | the calf is more of a grazer than a milker |
| products of microbial fermentation | 1. methane 2. volatile fatty acids 3. carbon dioxide 4. water 5. heat of fermentation |
| heat of fermentation | advantage during cooler months and disadvantage during hot months |
| when the slurry leaves the stumach | the pH is 2.5 |
| chyme | digested slurry with a low pH |
| 3 regions of the small intestine | 1. duodenum- first region 2. jejunum- middle region 3. ileum- last region |
| duodenum | receives chyme, and has secretion that come from the bile duct, and the pancreatic duct |
| secretions from the pancreas | 1. carbohydrase 2. lipase 3. proteolytic enzymes 4. sodium bicarbonate |
| carbohydrase | digests carbohydrates |
| lipase | digests lipids |
| proteolytic ezymes | digests proteins |
| sodium bicarbonate | buffer |
| enzymatic digestion and buffering happens in the ____ | duodenum |
| enterokynase | comes from cells that line the duodenum and activates trypsinogen and turns it into trypsin |
| trypsinogen+enterokynase= | trypsin |
| trypsin | accounts for 80% of protein that is digested in the body |
| most protein that happens enzymatically happens in the ____ | duodenum |
| bile duct | transports bile, bile salts, bilinogen, bile synthasized cholesterol, emulsifiers, buffers, and goes from the gall bladder to the duodenum |
| since horses doesnt have a gall bladder their bile | goes straight from the liver to the duodenum via the bile duct, and is a continual drip |
| bile salts | it is an emulsifier, and emulsifies fat |
| bile salts by way of emulsification | allows the lipids to like water and be mixed which allows the lipids to like the water that has lipase in it and will digest the fat |
| emulsification | first way of digestion for fats! (takes shield away from lipids) |
| secretions from live | 1. bile salts 2. bilinogen 3. bile synthasized cholesterol 4. emulsifiers 5. buffers |
| the starts of absorption | is at the lower part of the duodenum |
| Jejunum | less digestion more absorption (primary site of nutrient absorption) |
| ileum | even less amount of digestion and even smaller amount of absorption |
| nutrients are absorbed by the | 1. lower duodenum 2. jejunum 3. ileum 4. ceacum 5. colon 6. omasum (ruminants) |
| nutrients digested by the | 1. upper duodenum 2. jejunum 3. ileum 4. reticulum (ruminant) 5. rumen (ruminant) 6. mouth 7. omasum (ruminant) 8. ceacum 9. colon |
| physical characteristics of the small intestine | wrinkles and folds, villi, micro villi |
| the wrinkles and folds in the small intestine allows for | 3x more absorption |
| the villi in the small intestine allows for | 30x more absorption |
| the micro villi in the small intestine allows for | 600x more absorption |
| what is in the villi in the small intestine? | the blood vessels surround the inside of the villi, and in the middle of the ville is the lymph system |
| 3 sections of the large instestine (the way it looks depends on the animal) | 1. ceacum 2. colon 3. rectum |
| ceacum | 1. is a blind pouch 2. is a place of microbial digestion 3. is where water and volatile fatty acids are absorbed |
| colon | 1. still has microbial digestion going on 2. has a slow rate of passage 3. absorbs water and volatile fatty acids |
| rectum | doesnt absorb or digest anything |
| stuff that is in the rectum | 1. whatever didnt get absorbed 2. metabolic fecal nitrogen |
| merabolic fecal digestion | dead cells and microbes, enzymes, bilinogen, cholesterol, excretions, amino acids, microbial protein, and carbs |
| coprophagy | eating of the feces and being able to utilize microbial digestion, typically in monogastrics |
| pica | craving due to deffeciency (not bordom) |
| monogastrics main use of digestion is ___ and ____ but still has ____ | 1. enzymatic digesiton 2. chemical digestion 3. microbial digestion |
| ruminants mainly rely on ____ but still have ___ and ____ | 1. microbial digestion 2. enzymatic digestion 3. chemical digestion |
| the fluid feces that rabbits have has | volatile fatty acids, vitamin B complex, microbial proteins, and amino acids |
| rabbits have ___ forms of feces | 2 |
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