COMD 3100 exam 1 info
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51 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 anatomy | the study of the structure of an organism |
| physiology | study of the function of the living organism (how it works) |
| sagittal | vertical field running through the body from front to back, dividing the body into right and left sides |
| frontal or coronal | vertical field passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions |
| transverse | divides the body into upper and lower halves |
| anterior | towards the front |
| posterior | toward the back |
| ventral | away from the backbone |
| dorsal | toward the backbone |
| central | pertaining to or situated at the center |
| peripheral | away from the center |
| superficial | toward the surface |
| deep | away from the surface |
| external | toward the outer surface |
| internal | toward the inner surface |
| medial | toward the axis or midline |
| lateral | away from axis or midline |
| proximal | toward the body |
| distal | away from the midline |
| superior | upper, above |
| inferior | lower, below |
| cell traits | grow, reproduce, spontaneous movement, metabolize, irritable- able to be affected or stimulated by a change in environment |
| cell | (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms |
| cytology | study of cells |
| protoplasm | a semi-fluid, appears as a clear substance or else it exhibits a granular appearance |
| protoplasm parts | 1. Nucleus- chromatin ( containing DNA) and nucleolus ( containing ribosomes 2.Cytoplasm - fluid ( 70-85% water), and protein ( 20%) |
| epithelial tissue (1) | tissue arranged in mosaics. forming sheets of tissue that covers the external surface of the body, line the tubes or passages leading to the exterior and line the interior cavaties in the body |
| tissue types | epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous, tissue aggregates |
| epithelial tissue (2) | bound to underlying connective tissue by a basement membrane. 3 parts- epithelial tissue proper (skin, lines cavaties) endothelial tissue- (walls of heart, blood, lymph vessals) and mesothelial - (lines 4 membranes- peritoneal (abs) pleural cavaties (lungs) pericardial cavity (heart). Mesothelial- serous membrane. |
| connective tissue | specialized to support and protect as well as bind structures and aid in maintenance |
| 5 types of connective tissue | areolar (loose), fibrous, cartilage, blood, bone |
| areolar tissue | connective tissue- fills space between organs, forms bed for skin and mucous membranes 2 types- adipose (fat cells) lymphiod- found in tonsils and adenoids |
| fibrous tissue | connective tissue- bind structures together and may have combinations of fiber types white- strong dense found in ligaments that connect bones yellow elastic- found when connective tissue must return to its place collagenous and reticular fibers- flexible structure to fibrous connective tissue |
| cartilage tissue | connective tissue- hyaline- covers articular surfaces of joints and forms the framework for lower respitory track fibrocartilage- found in some joints, intervertebral joints elastic- found in ear, outside ear, epiglottis, larynx |
| blood tissue | connective tissue- fluid tissue (10% body weight) combined with lymphatic tissue purposes- cassry oxygen and food, distribute heat evenly, defend body |
| bone | connective tissue- compact and spongy bone differ due to degree of porosity (long, short, flat, irregular) 206 bones in human body |
| muscle tissue | 40% of body weight -striated, smooth, cardiac |
| striated muscle | muscle tissue- voluntary, transverse bands on the muscle cells, attach to skeleton, 329 of them, all but 2 paired (diaphragm and procerous) 1mm-120mm in length |
| smooth muscle | muscle tissue- involuntary, organs (stomach, intestines, blood vessals) 15-200 microns in length. functions in wave format |
| cardiac muscle | muscle tissue- found in heart, involuntary, self excitable |
| muscle attachments | muscles have origin (fixed) and insertion (acted upon) |
| nervous tissue | specialized, irritable, modifies composition |
| tissue aggregates | 6 types- fascia, ligaments, tendons, bones, joints, muscles |
| fascia | TISSUE AGGREGATES all dense fibrous connective tissues not otherwise designated as tendons, aponeroses, or ligaments. Found as membrane sheets |
| ligaments | TISSUE AGGREGATES elastic fibers; bone to bone, bone to cartilage, cart to cart. visceral ligaments bind organs and structures NO muscle |
| tendons | TISSUE AGGREGATES- tough, non-elastic. associated with muscle, mus-bone, mus-cart. broad sheets tendonous espansions serving as a convering for muscle |
| bone | TISSUE AGGREGATES- compact/spongy 206 bones in body*also connective |
| fibrous joints | TISSUE AGGREGATES immovable (i.e skull) |
| cartilaginous joint | TISSUE AGGREGATES certain amnt of movement |
| synovial joints | TISSUE AGGREGATES movable joints- gliding,hinge, pivot, ball and socket, saddle, condyloid |
| speech production | respiration, phonation, artic, and resonance |
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