Anat. Final: Blood
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42 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Functions of blood | connective tissue; transports nutrients, oxygen, wastes, and hormones; helps maintain the stability of the interstitial fluid; distributes heat |
| Plasma - def. | liquid portion of blood in which cells and platelets are suspended; complex mix of water, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, hormones, electrolytes, and cellular wastes |
| Plasma - function | Transporting nutrients, gases, and vitamins; helping regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, maintaining favorable pH |
| Seven different types of formed elements | erythrocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets |
| Production of erythrocytes | erythropoiesis |
| regulation of erythropoiesis | hormone erythropoietin controls rate of RBC formation through negative feedback |
| three factors necessary for normal production of RBCs | vitamin B2, folic acid, iron |
| 1st step of erythropoiesis | kidneys and liver release eryhtopoietin in response to prolonged oxygen deficiency |
| 2nd step of erythropoiesis | eryhtropoietin travels via the blood to the red bone marrow and stimulates RBC production |
| Hemolysis | breakdown of RBCs |
| Pathway of breakdown of hemoglobin | Macrophages destroy damaged RBCs, hemoglobin liberated from RBCs is broken down into heme and globin, iron from heme returns to red bone marrow and is reused, biliverdin and bilirubin are excreted in bile |
| Hemostasis | stoppage of bleeding |
| Universal blood recipients have what type of blood? | AB |
| Universal donors have what type of blood? | O |
| Component that makes up about 55% of blood volume | Plasma |
| Most abundant plasma protein | Albumins |
| Class of plasma proteins that function in transporting lipids and in immunity | Globulins |
| Stem cell/ precursor cell that gives rise to all blood cell types | Hemocytoblasts |
| Process of forming blood cells | Erythropoiesis |
| Molecule in erythrocytes that combines with oxygen | hemoglobin |
| Most numerous phagocytic leukocyte | Neutrophils |
| 2 agranulocytes in blood | Monocytes and lymphocytes |
| Largest phagocytic blood cell | Monocyte |
| Formed element that functions in blood clotting | Fibrinogen |
| Insoluble threads that form the foundation of a blood clot | Fibrin |
| Blood type proteins on the surface of red blood cells | Agglutinogens |
| two ABO blood types that theoretically can be given to a type A individual | A and O |
| the components in recipients blood that react with mismatched donors blood | Agglutinogens and aglutinins |
| fetal Rh type that may develop hemolytic disease of the newborn | Rh-positive fetus in Rh-negative woman |
| three processes that contribute to hemostasis | blood vessel spasm, platelet plug formation, blood coagulation |
| blood vessel spasm | smooth muscle in walls of cell contract, blood loss lessens almost immediately |
| platelet plug formation | platelets adhere to collogen underlying the lining of blood vessels, and adhere to each other, forming a plug |
| coagulation | most effective hemostatic mechanism, utilizes many biochemicals called clotting factors. Conversion of the soluble plasma protein fibrinogen into insoluble threads of the protein fibrin. Fibrin sticks to exposed surfaces of damaged blood vessel, create meshwork that traps blood cells and platelets, forms blood clot |
| textbook pg. 332 figure 12.16 | three processes that contribute to hemostasis |
| Agglutinogens in blood type A | A |
| Agglutinogens in blood type B | B |
| Agglutinogens in blood type AB | A and B |
| Agglutinogens in blood type O | neither A nor B |
| Agglutinins in blood type A | anti-B |
| Agglutinins in blood type B | anti-A |
| Agglutinins in blood type AB | neither anti-A nor anti-B |
| Agglutinins in blood type O | anti-A and anti-B |
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