| Term | Definition |
|---|
| carpetbaggers | A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states; |
| scalawag | white Southerner supporting Reconstruction policies after the Civil War usually for self-interest |
| Lincoln's 10 Percent Plan | only needed 10 percent of a state's population to re enter the union |
| wade-davis bill | bill proposed to the reaction to the 10 percent plan. it stated that before a state can be admitted into the union, 50 % of the men in the states have to sign an oath of future loyalty. president Lincoln pocket veto this |
| military reconstruction act | It divided the South into five military districts that were commanded by Union generals. It was passed in 1867. It ripped the power away from the president to be commander in chief and set up a system of Martial Law.t was also implemented to ensure that the civil rights of the free blacks in the South |
| 13th Amendment | 1865. Amendement abolishing and continually prohibiting slavery. With limited exception, such as those guilty of comitting a crime, it also prevents indentured servitude. |
| 14th Amendment | 1) Citizenship for African Americans, 2) Repeal of 3/5 Compromise, 3) Denial of former confederate officials from holding national or state office, 4) Repudiate (reject) confederate debts |
| 15th Amendment | citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude |
| Black Codes | Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves |
| Special Field Order No. 15 | They provided for the confiscation of 400,000 acres.They were intended to address the immediate problem of dealing with the tens of thousands of black refugees who had joined Sherman's march in search of protection and sustenance.The orders had little concrete effect, as they were revoked in the fall of that same year by President Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Abraham Lincoln after his assassination. |
| Tenure of Office Act | enacted over the veto of President Andrew Johnson, denied the President of the United States the power to remove from office anyone who had been appointed by the past President with the advice and consent of the United States Senate unless the Senate also approved the removal. |
| Colfax Massacre | whites armed with rifles hostaged and killed republicans who refused to step down from their offices. The white league shot 103 people who ran out of the court house...100 black and 3 white. |
| Frederick Jackson Turner | American historian who said that humanity would continue to progress as long as there was new land to move into. The frontier provided a place for homeless and solved social problems. |
| Homestead Act | Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. The settler would only have to pay a registration fee of $25. |
| Exodusters | African Americans who moved from post reconstruction South to Kansas. |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | Pased in 1882; banned Chinese immigration in US for a total of 40 years because the United States thought of them as a threat. Caused chinese population in America to decrease. |
| Buffalo Bill Cody | This former pony express rider and Indian fighter and hero of popular dime novels for children traveled around the U.S. and Europe and put on popular Wild West shows. The shows included re-enactments of Indian battles and displays of horsemanship and riflery |
| Owen Wister | The Virginian |
| nat love | Well known-cowhand. He was born in Tennessee and worked as a cowhand for more than 20 years after he was freed from slavery at the end of the Civil War. He later wrote a book about his life. |
| Bill Pickett | he listed himself as Indian to participate in rodeos. Invented bulldogging, and he died from bullriding. He changed Indian lifestyle and appearance. |
| dawes act | Allotted to each head of household 160 acres of reservation land, and 40 acres allotted for children; remaining land sold to settlers to go to a trust for Natives; plan failed |
| Carlisle School | 1st Indian boarding school off-reservation; attempt to assimilate NA children into US culture |
| Wounded Knee | In 1890, after killing Sitting Bull, the 7th Cavalry rounded up Sioux at this place in South Dakota and 300 Natives were murdered and only a baby survived. |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | made millions from steamboat business, and used the money to merge local railroads to the New York Central Railroad. |
| Bessemer process | A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Creates Carnegie Steel. Gets bought out by banker JP Morgan and renamed U.S. Steel. Andrew Carnegie used vertical integration by buying all the steps needed for production. Was a philanthropist. Was one of the "Robber barons" |
| John D. Rockefeller | "Standard Oil Co. of Ohio", owns drilling co, establishes refinery, and made deals with railroad. Bought out other companies and owned 90% of refineries (horizontal integration) – 'board of trustees' for the oil companies. |
| J.P. Morgan | Banker; owned US steel, first billion dollar company |
| Vertical integration | Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution |
| Horizontal integration | the combining of competing firms into one corporation |
| Horatio Alger, Jr. | wrote novels about young men who rose from poverty to wealth through hard work and honesty |
| Social Darwinism | The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion. |
| William Graham Sumner | He was an advocate of Social Darwinism claiming that the rich were a result of natural selection and benefits society. He, like many others promoted the belief of Social Darwinism which justified the rich being rich, and poor being poor. |
| Edward Bellamy | Wrote Looking Backward; said that captialism supported the few and exploited the many. character wakes up in 2000 after napping; says socialism will be on top in the end |
| Annie Moore | First immigrant to pass through Ellis Island. From Irealand. 15 years old. Girl. JAnuary 1, 1892 |
| Navitism | The belief that immigrants are the cause of problems in society |
| Frederick Winslow Taylor | American mechanical engineer, who wanted to improve industrial efficiency. He is known as the father of scientific management, and was one of the first management consultants |
| Terence Powderly | led the Knights of Labor, a skilled and unskilled union, wanted equal pay for equal work, an 8hr work day and to end child labor |
| Samuel Gompers | United States labor leader (born in England) who was president of the American Federation of Labor from 1886 to 1924 (1850-1924) |
| Big Bill Haywood | United States labor leader and militant socialist who was one of the founders of the Industrial Workers of the World (1869-1928) |
| Knights of Labor | Labor union founded by Uriah S. Stephens in 1869, that grew out of the collapse of the National Labor Union and was replaced by AF of L after a number of botched strikes |
| Haymarket Affair | a strike that turned deadlywhen someone thew a bomb, mny protesters were arrested and some were excuted for inciting the riot |
| Craft unionism | refers to organizing a union in a manner that seeks to unify workers in a particular industry along the lines of the particular craft or trade that they work in by class or skill level |
| American Federation of Labor | 1886 founded by Samuel Gompers ;; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions ;; skilled laborers, willing to let unskilled fend for themselves, small minority |
| Henry Clay Frick | was Carnegie's supplier of coke to fuel his steel mills as well as his right hand man. He was very anti-union. He was in charge of the mills when the Homestead Strike occurred. His decision to use strike breakers ignited the riot, and helped stain the image of unions. |
| Homestead Strike | volent strike at Andrew Carnegies homestead steel factory in pennsylvania, june 29 1892 |
| Industrial Workers of the World | a former international labor union and radical labor movement in the United States |
| Crop-lien system | Crop-lien system was a way for farmers to get credit. After the crops were harvested they would use it to pay back their loan. This is different from sharecropping. |
| Southern Farmers Alliance | designed to promote higher commodity prices through collective action by groups of individual farmers. Farmers planned to cooperate when selling their crop, they planned to go to the railroads and demand a better rate. They united with black farmers to expand their groups and the farmers wanted to end the shameful abuses of industrial classes. |
| Cleburne Demand | The political activists successfully lobbied for passage of a set of political demands that included support of the Knights of Labor and the Great Southwest Railroad Strike of 1886. Other demands include changes in governmental land policy, and railroad regulation. The demands also included a demand for use of silver as legal tender, on the grounds that this would alleviate the contraction in the money supply that fed the inflation in prices and the scarcity of credi |
| Mary Lease | • Advocated for the populist party • Advised Kansas farmers to raise less corn and more hell • Born to Irish Immigrant parents • First major populist • Helped farmers advocate against high mortgage rates • Powerful and emotional speaker |
| The People's Party | socialist/populist party |
| Jacob Coxey | Populist who led Coxey's Army in a march on Washington DC in 1894 to seek government jobs for the unemployed. |
| James B. Weaver | Former Union General nominated for pres.of USA by populist party |
| William J. Bryan | In the intensely fought 1896 and 1900 elections, he was defeated by William McKinley but retained control of the Democratic Party. For presidential candidates, Bryan invented the national stumping tour. In his three presidential bids, he promoted Free Silver in 1896, anti-imperialism in 1900, and trust-busting in 1908, calling on Democrats |
| Open Door notes | message send by secretary of state John Hay in 1899 to Germany, Russia, Great Britain, France, Italy & Japan asking the countries not to interfere with US trading rights in China. |
| Alfred T. Mahan | [1890's] convinced Americans to increase Navy to protect shipping. To protect Navy and refuel supplies, territories are needed. |
| Monroe Doctrine | A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere. |
| Valeriano Weyler | He was a Spanish General referred to as "Butcher" Weyler. He undertook to crush the Cuban rebellion by herding many civilians into barbed-wire reconcentration camps, where they could not give assistance to the armed insurrectionists. The civilians died in deadly pestholes. "Butcher" was removed in 1897. |
| Yellow journalism | Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers |
| Teller Amendment | Act of Congress in 1898 that stated that when the United States had rid Cuba of Spanish rule, Cuba would be granted its freedom It prevented Cuba from turning hostile towards the U.S., as well as gaining a somewhat kind of "smile" from Europe. |
| Albert Beveridge | An imperialist senator that used racial superiority to justify expansion |
| Platt Amendment | gave the U.S. the right to intervene in Cuban affairs anytime there was a threat to life, property, and individual liberty |
| Treaty of Paris | Signed by the United States and Spain in December 1898, this treaty ended the Spanish-American War. Under its terms, Spain recognized Cuba's independence and assumed the Cuban debt; it also ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States. At the insistence of the U.S. representatives, Spain also ceded the Phillipines. The Senate ratified the treaty on February 6, 1899. |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | Filipino who was lead both the Phillipine revolution against Spain and then the United States |
| Henry M. Turner | think he was a black representative of Georgia. |
| Ku Klux Klan Act | 1871, this act allowed Congress to act against terrorist organizations like the Ku Klux Klan and outlawed Klan activity |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace