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Maximum Inspiratory Effort * Involves the accessory muscle of respiration: 1. Erector spinae 2. Pectorals minor 3. Scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles * Heavy breathing after you exercise * Help increase the size of the thoracic caipvity larger than normal Forced Expiration * During heavy exercise, singing, etc. * Involves contraction of abdominal wall muscles Tidal Volume * Normal, relaxed breathing * About 500mL Vital Capacity * Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled plus the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled. * Depends on: Inspiratory reserve volume && Expiratory reserve volume Inspiratory reserve volume * Forced inspiration * Increases the volume of air beyond the tidal volume by 2,900mL Expiratory reserve volume * Increased volume of the expired air * 1,400mL Residual Volume * The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration * 1,000mL Anstomic dead space volume (VD) * The volume of air that occupies the non-respiratory conducting airways Functionsl Residual Capacity (FRC) * Volume in the lungs after normal exhalation Inspiratory Capacity (IC) * The amount of air that can be inspired after a normal Minute Volume Ventilation (VE) * The amount of air expired in one minute. * This is equal to the product of the tidal volume & the respiratory rate Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) * The amount of air exhaled in the 1st, 2nd & 3rd second of a forced vital capacity test. Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) * The amount of air forcefully expired after a maximal inspiration. Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) * The maximum flow of air during the begining of a force expiratory breath Total Lung Capacity (TLC) * Lung volume measured at the end of a maximal inspiration. Hypercapnia * An increased amount of CO2 in the blood Hyperkalemia * An increased amount of potassium in the blood Hypocapnia * A decreased amount of CO2 in the blood Hypoxemia * When the PaO2 is less than 80 mm Hg