| Term | Definition |
| water cycle | unending circulation; water constantly moves among oceans, atmosphere, solid Earth, and biosphere; |
| infiltration | movement of surface water into rock/soil through cracks and pore spaces; |
| transpiration | runoff returns to atmosphere because of evaporation from soil,lakes,streams;plants absorb water and release into atmosphere; |
| Earth's water cycle balance | average annual precipation over Earth equals amount of water that evaporates; |
| gradient | slope or steepness of a stream channel; expressed as vertical drop of stream over certain distance; |