Melanie - Chapter 13
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Created by:
zgreen2014 on May 16, 2012
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Middle Ages | 400s - 1500s Transistion in the devolment of Western Culture |
| Charlemagne | King of the Franks who conquered much of Western Europe, great patron of literature and learning because of his son |
| fuedalism | a political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to the king, in exchange for thier loyalty, military service and protection of of the people who live on the land |
| fief | land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service , a contract |
| vassal | person granted land from a lord in return for services, recieves fief |
| primogeniture | A system of inheritance in which the eldest son in a family received all of his father's land. The nobility remained powerful and owned land, while the 2nd and 3rd sons were forced to seek fortune elsewhere. |
| manorialism | Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land. |
| serfs | Pesants that can't leave land that they were bound to |
| chivalry | a code that knights adopted in the late Middle Ages; dicated thier behavior towards others, brought major changes to fuedal society |
| sacraments | Cerimonies at which particapants recived God's direct favor, or grace, to help ward off conseqences of sin. |
| curia | group of counselers drawn from highet ranks of clergy |
| cardinals | princes of the church, advised pope on legal and spiritual matters |
| Saint Benedict | created Benedictine Rule |
| Benedictine Rule | rules to guide monastic life, became the standard for European monasteeries and convents |
| abbot | leader of a monastery, controlled and distributed all property |
| abbess | leader of a convent, much like a abbot |
| interdict | excommunication of one area, churches closed, clergy not allowed to preform sacraments |
| heretics | people who denied the truth of the church's principles or preached the beliefs not approved by church |
| simony | buying high positions within the church hierarchy |
| Inquisition | search for heretics in the mid-1200's |
| Henry II | King of England -increased royal authority, legal system grew -vassals paid him a fee instead of military services -used money to hire soldiers from different places -sent traveling judges, jury developed -see "Problems between Henry II and Thomas Becket" |
| Thomas Becket | Archbishop of Canterbury Murdered by four of King Henry's knights in his cathedral -see "Problems between Henry II and Thomas Becket" -later named a saint |
| Problems between Henry II and Thomas Becket | Henry wanted to increase authority of royal courts, so he wanted to try certain members of the church that had already been tried in the church's courts. Thomas Becket refused. Good friends turned into enemies. Four of Henry's knights murder Thomas in his cathedral. Henry denied part in murder, yet did penace, and stopped trying to reduce power of church. |
| Eleanor of Aquitaine | Married to two kings : Louis VII of France and Henry II of England |
| Magna Carta | This document, signed by King John of Endland in 1215, is the cornerstone of English justice and law. It declared that the king and government were bound by the same laws as other citizens of England. It contained the right to a fair and speedy trial that are included in the protection offered by the U.S. Bill of Rights. -Made the law supreme |
| Parliament | Simon de Montfort asked representatives of middle-class to meet with the Great Council. Middle Class- four nights from each shire and two burgesses, leading citizens from major towns Divided into two parts "houses" - Nobles & Clergy - House of Lords House of Commons - knights and burgesses |
| House of Lords | Upper house of Parliament, for nobles and clergy |
| House of Commons | lower house of parliament , knights and burgesses |
| Common law | law based upon customs and judges' decisions, rather than upon written codes Decisions made by new royal courts were collected and used as a basis for future court verdicts |
| cannon law | law of the church |
| tithe | an offering of a tenth part of some personal income |
| 1215 | King John I signed Magna Carta |
| Innocent III | Medieval Pope who strengthened the church FINISH PLEASE |
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