General Chemistry 1
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 n | Principle Quantum number; energy level |
| l | Azimuthal quantum number; (n + l) s,p,d,f (0,1,2,3) |
| ml | magnetic QN; orbital; each orbital gets 2 electrons |
| ms | magnetic spin number; + or - 1/2 |
| Hund's Rule | in a subshell, the orbitals will fill half full of electrons in the same direction before any are paired |
| Z | Atomic number; number of protons |
| A | Atomic mass; protons + neutrons |
| Effective Nuclear Charge | Attractive, positive charge of the nucleus as percieved by a valence electron |
| Ionization Energy | Energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous state |
| Electron Affinity | energy released when an electron is added to outer shell |
| Electronegativity | Attraction of an atom for electrons in a bond; F is most electronegative |
| Metal Characterisitics G1&2 | 1. electropositive(give up e-) 2. good conductors of heat and electricity 3. malleable |
| Ionic Bonding | transfer of electrons metal and nonmetal |
| Covalent Bonding | sharing of electrons non metal and non metal polar and non polar |
| Formal Charge | 1. Charge on an atom if the valence electrons in the covalent bond were shared equally 2. FC = VE - (sticks + dots) |
| Electronic Geometry | arrangement of electrons |
| molecular geometry | arrangement of bound electrons (bonds) |
| Linear | AX2 180 degrees |
| Trigonal Planar | AX3 120 degrees |
| Bent | AX2E, AX2E2 104.5 degrees |
| Tetrahedral | AX4 109.5 degrees |
| Trigonal Pyramidal | AX3E 107 degrees |
| Trigonal Bipyramidal | AX5 |
| Octahedrahal | AX6 |
| Square Planar | AX4E2 |
| Intramolecular Forces | Result of electrostatic interactions between different charges or partial charges on different molecules Strength: 1. Ion-Dipole 2.H bonding 3.Dipole Dipole 4. London Forces (non polar) |
| Boiling Point Factors | 1) size 2) intermolecular forces 3) stacking |
| Boyle's Law | P1V1 = P2V2 |
| Charles' Law | V1/T1 = V2/T2 |
| Ideal Gas Law | PV = nRT |
| STP | 273 K 1 atm 1 mol g = 22.4 L |
| When do gases deviate from ideal behavior? | High pressure Low Temperature |
| Dalton's Law | Ptot = Pa+Pb=Pc... Pa=XaPtot |
| Graham's Law | The speed of gas particles is inversely proportional to the square root of their molecular weight at the same temp Rate A/Rate b = sqrt (MMb/MMa) Big gases move slow and small gases move fast |
| Van der Waals | (P + n2a/v2)(V-nb) = nRT |
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