Bio Review Intro to Genetics
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Genetics | Scientific study of heredity. |
| Trait | Specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another. |
| Hybrid | Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits. |
| Gene | Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait. |
| Allele | One of a number of different forms of a gene. |
| Gamete | Specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction. |
| Probability | Likelihood that a particular event will occur. |
| Punnet Square | Diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross. |
| Homozygous | Term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait. |
| Heterozygous | Term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait. |
| Phenotype | Physical characteristics of an organism. |
| Genotype | Genetic makeup of an organism. |
| Codominance | Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another. |
| Multiple Alleles | Three or more alleles of the same gene. |
| Polygenic Traits | Trait controlled by two or more genes. |
| Gene Map | Diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome. |
| Homologous | Term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent. |
| Diploid | Term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes. |
| Haploid | Term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes. |
| Meiosis | Process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell. |
| Crossing Over | Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis. |
| Independent assortment | Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes. |
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