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What vaccinations should infants receive at birth? Hepatitis B When should an infant receive the Hep B vaccines Birth, 1-2 months, 6-18 months What is the neonatal period of an infant's life? the first 28 days What is the postneonatal period? 29days-1 year When are newborns most responsive? 1-2 hours post feeding When should you do an apgar score? 1 and 5 minutes after birth, Continue at 5 minute intervals until its greater than 7. 1 minute apgar score values 8-10 normal, 5-7 some nervous system depression, 0-4 severe depression requiring immediate resuscitation 5 minute apgar score values 8-10 normal, 0-7 high rish for CNS and other system damage Gestational ages <37 wks preterm, 37-42=term, >42 postterm Birth weights <1,000 extrememly low, <1,500 very low, <2,500 low >2,500 normal SGA small for gestational age <10th percentile AGA appropriate gestational age 10-90th percentile LGA large for gestational age >90th percentile Most normal, full-term newborns lie in a symmetric position, with the limbs semiflexed and the legs partially abducted at the hip By 1 year old, an infants weight should have tripled and height increase by 50% By 1 year, infants should be walking, saying 1-3 words, and imitating activities Normal heart rates for birth-1 year 0-2mo: 140, 90-190 0-6mo: 130, 80-180 6-12mo: 115, 75-155 Respiratory rates Birth-2 months: <60, 2-12 months <50 miliaria rubria scattered vesicles on an erythematous base, disappears spontaneously within weeks erythema toxicum pinpoint vesicles scatered diffusely, disappear within 1 week milia smooth, white raised areas on nose, chin and forehead, disappears on its own. salmon patch (nevus simplex) "stork bite" or "angel kiss", splotchy pink marks fade with age cafe au lait spots light-brown pigmented lesion, if more than 5 consider neurofibromatosis mongolian spots bluish-black on the buttocks anterior fontanelle 4-6cm, closes between 4 and 26 months posterior fontanelle 1-2cm, closes by 2 months Female genitalia is often protuberant and has a milky white discharge from materal estrogen seborrhea salmon, red scaly eruption What is the most common cause of low birth weight in developing and developed countries? IUGR, prematurity What is given to prevent neonatal gonococcal and chlamydial eye disease? Erythromycin drops What is vitamin K prophylaxis for? To prevent hemorrhagic disease of the newborn Name the components of the apgar score: Heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, reflex irritability, color of body choanal atresia (stenosis) Respiratory distress, apnea, unable to breath through nose Tracheoesophageal Fistula manifestations Unable to place NG tube in stomach, aspiration pneumonia, salivation Acrocyanosis May be noted in a healthy term infant a few days after birth. Hair tufts over the LS spine suggest a spine defect Vernix caseosa soft, white, creamy layer covering the skin in preterm infants Epstein pearls epidermal inclusion cysts on the hard palate, normal The Moro reflex Sudden, slight dropping of the supported head should cause opening of the hands and extension and abduction of the arms and a cry. Rooting reflex turning of the head toward light tactile stimulation of the periorbital area (by 32 weeks) Omphalocele is more commonly associated with ______ while gastrochesis is more associated with ___? other malformations; intestinal necrosis caput succedaneum a diffuse, edematous, often dark swelling of the soft tissue of the scalp that extends across the midline and suture lines cephalhematoma subperiosteal hemorrhage that does not cross the suture lines surrounding the respective bones. IUGR an adaptation to unfavorable uterine conditions that result in permanent alterations in metabolism, growth and development. Hydrops fetalis a fetal clinical condition of excessive fluid accumulation in the skin and one or more other body compartments. What has reduced the incidence of hydrops fetalis? Rho D Immunoglobulin Bilirubin is produced by the catabolism of hemoglobin in the reticuloendothelial system. Jaundice on the first day of life is always PATHOLOGIC.