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Allegory an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances alliteration repetition of initial consonant sounds personification the act of attributing human characteristics to abstract ideas etc. analogy drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect diction the manner in which something is expressed in words rhyme scheme the pattern of rhyme in a poem allusion a reference to something literary, mythological, or historical that the author assumes the reader will recognize imagery a word or group of words in a literary work which appeal to one or more of the senses: sight, taste, touch, hearing, and smell dramatic irony (theater) irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play situational irony occurs when the outcome of a work is unexpected, or events turn out to be the opposite from what one had expected verbal irony occurs when what is said contradicts what is meant or thought metaphor comparison not using like or as simile comparison using like or as sonnet 14 line poem stead place or location transcend to rise above or beyond, exceed refrain a regularly repeated line or group of lines in a poem or song quatrain a stanza of four lines couplet a stanza consisting of two successive lines of verse free verse Poetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme parallelism the use of a series of words, phrases, or sentences that have similar grammatical form