Biology 124 - Chapter 12 - Human Genetics - Powless
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is a genome? | The complete set of genetic material in an organism. |
| What is non-disjunction? | Trisomy 21 is a condition caused by the failure of chromosomes to separate. |
| What is translocation? | When a fragment of one chromosome attaches to a non homologous chromosome. |
| If a person is a carrier for a sex-linked recessive disorder, what would their genotype look like? | Heterozygous |
| What is the human genome project? | An attempt to sequence the human genome |
| What can be observed on a karyotype? | An extra chromosome |
| What is the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis? | Non-disjunction |
| What are some genetic disorders caused by non-disjunction? | Trisomy 21, Klinefelter's, Turner's syndrome |
| What does an open circle represent on a pedigree? | Female does not have the disorder |
| What does a shaded square represent on a pedigree? | Has a disorder or condition |
| Why is a pedigree used? | To determine whether a trait is inherited, show how a trait is passed from one generation to the next and to determine whether an allele is dominant or recessive. |
| Where are the se linked alleles for colorblindness located? | On the X chromosome |
| What happens to gametes during non-disjunction? | Some gametes may have an extra copy of some genes. |
| What is deletion? | An example of chromosome damage caused by part of the chromosome to be missing. |
| What is duplication? | A change that occurs when part of a chromosome is repeated. |
| What is substitution? | Repeats part of the chromosome. |
| What is inversion? | Flips part of the chromosome into a different order. |
| What type of allele causes Huntington's disease? | Dominent allele |
| Why is colorblindness more common in males than females? | The allele for color blindness is recessive and is located on the X chromosome. |
| If a woman is a carrier of a sex-linked trait and marries a man with the trait, what is the chance the child will have the trait? | 50% |
| If the person is a carrier of a trait, do they exhibit the trait? | No |
| In order to produce a male, an egg must be fertilized with a sperm carrying what type of chromosome? | Y chromosome |
| What is a germ cell mutation? | Mutation that does not affect the organism but can be passed on to the offspring. |
| What is a somatic cell mutation? | Skin cancer resulting from over exposure to UV rays. |
| What is trisomy? | Three copies of the same chromosome. |
| What type of mutation is skin cancer. | Somatic cell mutation |
| If a heterozygous red-eyed fruit fly is cross with a red-eyed male, what will the offspring resemble? | Half the male offspring will be red-eyed and half will be white-eyed. |
| What is monosomy? | One copy of the chromosome. |
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