All Exam Review Guide
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Created by:
james_devine on May 17, 2012
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Semester 2
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461 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Stock Market Crashes, October 1929 | Black Tuesday |
| What were two signs of weakness? | Basic Industry failing but stock market booming, People borrowing money to play the stock market |
| What was the unemployment rate in 1933? | 25% |
| What was the Bubble in the Stock Market? | Price/Earnings Index Rising Equity Prices/Falling Fundamentals Greater Fool Theory Buying on Margin |
| People rush to get money from banks but they don't have it and they close down | Run on the banks |
| CCC | Civilian Conservation Corps |
| WPA | Works Progress Administration |
| NRA | National Recovery Administration |
| PWA | Public Works Administration |
| TVA | Tennessee Valley Authority |
| Obtuse | An angle with a measure between 90º and 180º. |
| Perpendicular | Two lines that intersect to form four congruent angles. |
| Complementary | Two angles whose measures has a sum of 90°. |
| Supplementary | Two angles whose measures has a sum of 180º. |
| Vertical | The angles opposite each other when two lines intersect to form four angles. |
| Alternate Interior | One of two pairs of angles formed when a transversal intersects two lines. |
| Parallel | Two lines that do not meet. |
| Scalene | No sides are congruent on a triangle. (no sides have the same measure) |
| Isosceles | At least two sides are congruent on a triangle. (two sides have the same measure) |
| Equilateral | All sides are congruent on a triangle. (all sides have the same measure) |
| Polygon | A closed figure consisting of segments joined at their endpoints. |
| Proportion | A statement of equality to two ratios |
| Percent | A ratio of a number to 100. |
| Quadrants | The places where the x- and y-axes are divided into in the coordinate plane. |
| Y-intercept | The Y-coordinate of a point where a graph crosses the Y-axis. |
| Pythagorean Theory | A2 + B2 = C2 |
| Addend | The number that is being added to the coefficient. 3x + 2, 2 is the ________. |
| Associative Property | (a + b) + c = a + (b + c) |
| Commutative Property | a + b = b + a |
| Zero Property | a + 0 = a a - 0 = a a - a = 0 |
| Identity Property | a X 1 = a a ÷ 1 = a a ÷ a = 1 |
| Distributive Property | a X (b + x) = (a X b) + (a X c) |
| Coefficient | The numbers preceding the powers of the variable. 3x + 2, 3 is the ____________. |
| Combination | An arrangement of a group of things in which order does not matter. |
| Exponent | A number indicating how many times the base is used as a factor. |
| Equation | A mathematical sentence with an equals sign to indicate that two expressions name the same number. Ex. 3x + 2 = 14. |
| Difference | The answer to a subtraction problem. |
| Linear Equation | A line consisting of all points whose coordinates satisfy the equation. |
| Permutation | An arrangement of a group of things in a particular order. |
| Probability | The ratio of the number of outcomes favoring an event to the total number of possible outcomes. |
| Product | The answer to a multiplication problem. |
| Sum | The answer to an addition problem. |
| Quotient | The answer to a division problem. |
| Slope | The steepness of a line; that is, of the change in the y-coordinate to the change in the x-coordinate when moving from one point on a line to another point. |
| Surface Area | The total area of a solid. Lateral area plus area of the bases. |
| Reciprocal | Two products whose product is one. |
| Volume | A measure of the space occupied by a solid. Base area X height. |
| Cross Products Property | If a is to b as c is to d then ad = bc. It allows you to do cross multiplication. |
| Inverse Property | a + -a = 0 |
| Circumference of a circle | C= πd or C=2πr |
| Area of rectangle | A= lw |
| Area of a triangle | 1/2 bh |
| Area of a Parallelogram | A=bh |
| Area of a Trapezoid | A=1/2(b1 + b2)h |
| Area of a circle | A= πr2 |
| Total surface area of a prism | A= lateral area+ surface area |
| Lateral area of a prism | Perimeter of base * height |
| Volume of a prism | V= bh |
| Volume of Cylinder | v=πr2h |
| Lateral area of a cylinder | 2πrh |
| totalSurface Area of a Cylinder | 2πrh +2πr2 |
| What are the 8 taxa? (put a dash between, biggest to smallest) | Domain-Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species |
| What are the 6 kingdoms? | Protista-Animalia-Plantae-Fungi-Archaeabacteria-Eubacteria |
| Archabacteria | Prokaryote, (only unicellular), Autotroph or heterotrophs, some have a cell wall, live in extreme environments |
| Eubacteria | Prokaryote, unicellular, autotrophs or heterotrophs, some have cell wall (peptidoglycogen) Producers, decomposers, parasites |
| Protista | Eukaryotes, unicellular or multicellular, Producers, consumers, decomposers, some have cell walls, (Plant Like, Animal Like, Fungi Like) |
| Fungi | Eukaryote, Multicellular and unicellular, heterotrophic, cell walls (chitin) decomposer |
| Plantae | Eukaryote, Multicellular, Autotrophs, Producers, cell walls (cellulose) |
| Animalia | Eukaryote, multicellular, heterotrophs, consumers, no cell walls |
| Are viruses living? | No |
| Lytic Cycle | Attachment-Injection-Production-Assembly-Release |
| What makes up a virus? | Genetic material inside a protein coat |
| Lysogenic Cycle | Attachment-Injection-(Virus stays dormant in cell until specific time) |
| What are 3 naming groups of bacteria? | Diplo-Strepto-Staphylo |
| Diplo | 2 cells |
| Strepto | Chains of cells |
| Staphylo | Clusters of cells |
| What are the 3 shapes of bacteria | Coccus, Bacillus, Spirillum |
| Coccus | round shaped |
| Bacillus | rod shaped |
| Spirillum | spiral shaped |
| What are two ways bacteria get food? | Photosynthesis and Chemosynthesis |
| What are the two ways bacteria reproduce? | Binary Fission (1) and Conjugation (2) |
| What are the protist groups? | Protozoans, Algae, Water Molds |
| What are the characteristics that all protists share? | Eukaryotes Moist Environment Organisms that cannot be classified as Plants, Animals or Fungi Diverse Unicellular and Multicellular Heterotrophs and Autotrophs Some move to get food |
| What are the characteristics that all fungi share? | Eukaryotes Cell Walls made of Chitin Heterotrophs Use spores to reproduce |
| The main structure in fungi is the __________ | Hyphae |
| How do fungi get food? | Hyphae go into food source Digestive Enzymes ooze out from Hyphae Enzymes break down food into smaller pieces Absorbed by Hyphae |
| What are the 3 main groups of fungi? | Club, Sac, Zygote |
| What are the 2 ways fungi reproduce? | Spores or two hyphae grow together |
| What is the fungi job in the environment? | Environmental Recycling |
| What is a habitat? | A place where an organism can live, grow and reproduce |
| Abiotic Factor | Nonliving parts of an environment |
| Biotic Factor | Living parts of an environment |
| Levels of Organization | Organism-Species-Population-Commutity-Ecosystem |
| Species | A group of organisms that can reproduce together |
| Population | All members of a species living in a specific area |
| Community | All the different species that live in a specific area |
| Ecosystem | All the abiotic and biotic factors in a specific area |
| Ecology | The study of how organisms interact in an environment |
| Limiting Factor | A factor that limits population growth in an area |
| What are the three limiting factors? | Food/Water, Space, Climate |
| Niche | An organisms role or job in an environment |
| What is the Predator-Prey Relationship | When prey population is high, predators overkill them and then the prey population decreases, then predators have not as much food so they may die or go hungry, then the prey population sky rockets |
| Competition | The struggle between two species that need the same resources |
| What are the three types of symbiosis? | Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism |
| What is succession? | the regrowing of plants after a natural disaster |
| What are the three types of consumers? | Primary, Secondary, Tertiary |
| What is the 10% rule? | Only 10% of the suns energy can be passed through organisms |
| Vegetation, Canopy, Lots of rain, trees, plants, animals, warm all year | Rainforest |
| Salty Coastal Waters, open waters and deep waters, many zones | Marine |
| Less then 25 cm of rain, long cold winters, very small trees and plants, cold | Tundra |
| Prairie, lots of grass, big herbivores (elephants, giraffes) | Grassland |
| Lakes, Streams, Ponds | Freshwater |
| 300 cm of rain, huge trees, pacific northwest | Temperate Forest |
| Can be hot or cold, no rain, dry, cactus | Desert |
| All four seasons, trees lose leaves in winter, animals hibernate | Deciduous Forest |
| Transition between Salt and Freshwater, marshes/wetlands | Estuary |
| Northern Dense Forests, Taiga | Boreal Forest |
| Breathing | Respiratory |
| Waste | Excretory |
| Food Circling | Digestive |
| Heart/Blood | Circulatory |
| Skin/Nails/Hair | Integumentary |
| Brain | Nervous |
| Bones | Skeletal |
| Muscles | Muscular |
| Germ Fighting | Immune |
| Hoard | To save and put away, secretly |
| Ensue | To follow, to come as a result |
| Inundate | Cover with water, to load an excessive amount of something |
| Placate | To stop from being angry, to calm |
| Recede | To move back or drop to a lower level, to become fainter |
| Ruthless | Showing no mercy |
| Avert | To turn away, to keep from happening |
| Plight | A difficult or dangerous situation |
| Assert | To say firmly |
| Bleak | Without much hope, cold and dreary |
| Blithe | Cheerful, Carefree |
| Dwindle | To keep on becoming less |
| Nimble | Quick and Agile |
| Lethal | Capable of causing death |
| Ponderous | Heavy or slow moving |
| Vigilant | Watchful, ready for danger |
| Clamber | To climb awkwardly |
| Tedious | Seeming to go on for a long time, boring |
| Fathom | A length of six feet |
| Pique | To arouse or excite |
| Probe | To poke or prod, to examine closely |
| Unscathed | Completely unharmed |
| Rupture | To split or break |
| Arbitrate | To settle a disagreement between two parties by having a third party decide |
| Attribute | To think of as coming from or belonging to a particular person or thing. A quality or feature associated with a person or thing |
| Devout | Very Religious |
| Enlighten | To inform or instruct |
| Intervene | To enter in order to settle something |
| Sacred | Holy, having to do with religion |
| Capricious | Likely to change quickly without reason |
| Arduous | Requiring much effort, very difficult |
| Canny | Shrewd and Careful |
| Intrepid | Brave, Courageous |
| Lucrative | Producing wealth or profit |
| Proficient | Able to do something well |
| Enthrall | To hold the attention of |
| Incredulous | Doubtful |
| Preposterous | To be absurd without reason |
| Homage | Honor or respect shown publicly |
| Prowess | Great skill or ability |
| main character, causes trouble but has a good heart, clever, young boy (9/10), leader, lives with Aunt Polly and Sid in St. Petersburg, mother died, strong willed, witnessed a murder. | Tom Sawyer |
| Tom's guardian, older, wants to discipline but never really follows through, religious "good book", strict, just wants Tom to love her, favors Sid over Tom, always trying catch Tom making bad decisions, uses physical punishment ("licks" him) | Aunt Polly |
| Tom's younger half brother, he gets Tom into trouble (tattletale), opposites, selfish, annoying, involved at church, goody-goody | Sid |
| Aunt Polly's young slave, Tom's friend, obedient, timid of Aunt Polly, young boy | Jim |
| Tom's cousin who is sweet and kind to Tom. Sticks up for Tom. Helps him with the Bible. | Mary |
| son of the town drunk, boys envy him, very superstitious, witnesses a murder, becomes Tom's BFF (bosom buddy) - (replacing Joe Harper), town outcast, independent, no one to watch over him, accompanies Tom and Joe to Jackson's Island, adopted by Widow Douglas and becomes rich from the treasure. | Huck Finn |
| Judge Thatcher's daughter, Adored Unknown, Tom loves her, gets engaged to Tom, engagement is over, ill but gets better, thinks Tom is a "show off." Gets lost in the cave, and Tom saves her life.... | Becky Thatcher |
| Tom's good friend, plays army (General), accompanies Tom and Huck to Jackson's Island, gets homesick | Joe Harper |
| "half breed" - half Caucasian/half Indian, outcast in the town, violent, murderer, kills Dr. Robinson to seek revenge and frames Muff Potter. Dies in the cave. | Injun Joe |
| the "other" town drunk (not Huck's dad), friend of Injun Joe, deep down is a good guy but not that bright, "kills" Dr. Robinson. He is freed because of Tom's testimony. | Muff Potter |
| Tom's former girlfriend (ex fiancé) who is still in love with him. Gets the chicken pox. | Amy Lawrence |
| a respected town doctor, asked Injun Joe and Muff Potter to dig up a corpse (Hoss Williams) - Dr. Robinson is then murdered by Injun Joe because he wanted revenge on Dr. Robinson's dad. | Dr. Robinson |
| minister of the church | Mr. Sprague |
| wealthy widow who is kind to the children in St. Petersburg, Becky and Tom plan to go to her house for ice cream, Huck saves her life by warning the Welshman, becomes the guardian for Huck. | Widow Douglas |
| A Welshman who lives with his sons near the Widow Douglas's house. This is the man who responds to Huck's warning on the night that Injun Joe plans the attack on Widow Douglas. | Mr. Jones |
| the new, well-dressed boy in town, he gets caught between Becky and Tom's games. Becky uses him to make Tom jealous. Tom beat ("licked") him in the first chapter; spelling book is ruined by an ink spill. | Alfred Temple |
| teacher who is strict and always whipping Tom, wig was snatched when Tom played a practical joke on him, wanted to be a doctor and not a teacher, not able to be a doctor because of his shaky hands... | Mr. Dobbins |
| What does a habitat provide for an organism? | shelter, food and water, |
| What does the habitat provide? | ability to live, grow and reproduce |
| Abiotic Factors | Nonliving parts of a habitat (sunlight, soil, water, temperature, oxygen) |
| Biotic Factors | Living parts of an organisms habitat |
| Levels of Organization | organism-species-population-communtiy-ecosystem |
| A group of organisms that can mate and reproduce with each other. | Species |
| All of the species in a specific area | Population |
| All of the organisms in a specific area | Community |
| All of the things in a specific area | Ecosystem |
| What is Ecology? | the study of how living things interact with each other and their habitat |
| Birth Rate | Number of births per 1000 people at any time |
| Death Rate | Number of deaths per 1000 people at any time |
| Emigration | people leaving an area |
| Immigration | People coming into an area |
| What does population density measure? | The number of people in an area |
| Limiting Factor | A condition that makes it so that the growth of a population can not grow any more |
| What are three examples of Limiting Factors? | Climate, Space, Food/Water |
| What is an adaptation? | Behaviors or physical traits that allow an organism to survive in its environment |
| What is Natural Selection? | Natural Selection is where two organisms that have a good adaptation reproduce to produce more of their kind. |
| What is a Niche? | An organisms role or job in an environment, can not be shared |
| How is a Niche determined? | what it eats, who eats it, how it reproduces and physical conditions it requires to survive |
| What is Competition? | Struggle between two organisms over one thing |
| How is competition resolved? | 1. Feed at different times 2. Feed off different parts of the plant |
| Predator | Organism that hunts and kills other organisms for food |
| Prey | The organism that is hunted by the predator |
| Cheetah's speed, Bat's Echolocation, Jellyfish sting, | Predator Adaptations |
| Prey Adaptations | Mimicry, False Coloring, Warning Colors, Protective Coverings, Camouflage |
| What is Symbiosis? | Where two organisms at live together that are different species |
| Mutualism | Both organisms gain something |
| Commensalism | One organism gains something while the other doesn't |
| Parasitism | One organism gains something and the other is harmed |
| Why do the populations between prey and predator go up and down? | Because at one point the predator is killing all the prey and the prey populations sink and then the predators population sinks then the prey goes up because the predator is down |
| Example of Mutualism | Ant and Acacia Tree (Tree's spikes protect Ants) (Ants attack competition for the tree) |
| Example of Commensalism | Birds nesting in trees |
| Example of Parasitism | Ticks and fleas |
| Primary Succession | Series or changes in an area where no soil or organisms exist |
| Secondary Succession | Series of changes that occur where the ecosystem has been disturbed but soil and organisms still exist |
| Pioneer Species | First species to populate an area |
| What events could lead to secondary succession? | Natural Disasters |
| Corruption Business Corruption Government | __________ in ________ and _________ in __________ shaped politics during the Gilded Age. |
| Garfield | James ________ was the second US president to be assassinated and he was shot because he supported the spoils system and was shot by a disappointed office seeker. |
| Arthur Pendleton 1883 | Chester A. ___________ proposed the ___________ Act in ____ and it includes most government jobs except elected positions, the judiciary, and the military. |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | Which 1824 US Supreme Court decision held the the federal government had jurisdiction over inter-state commerce? |
| Inter-State Commerce Act 1887 | Prohibits rebates (spoils system) and Cleveland signed it. Signed in ____. |
| Sherman Antitrust Act 1890 | Prohibits attempts to destroy competition signed by Harrison. Signed in ____. |
| (William) (Boss) Tweed | _____ cheated New York City out of more than $100 million. |
| Primary | ________ elections said that voters can select their party candidates. |
| (Ballot) Initiative | __________ said that voters can propose bills to the legislature. |
| Referendum | _________ said that voters can vote on bills directly. |
| Recall | ______ said that voters can remove elected officials from office. |
| 16 1913 | The __th Amendment gave Congress the power to pass an income tax and was passed in ____. |
| 17 1913 | The __th Amendment required the direct election of senators and was passed in ____. |
| Muckrakers | Crusading journalists. |
| Prohibition | A ban on the sale and consumption of alcohol. |
| 18 1919 | The __th Amendment enforced prohibition (bans the sale and consumption of alcohol) and was passed in ____. |
| 19 1920 | The __th Amendment gave women the Constitutional right to vote and was passed in ____. |
| 21 1933 | The __st Amendment repeals prohibition (legalizes the sale and consumption of alcohol) and was passed in ____. |
| (Teddy) (Theodore) Roosevelt | Who was the first of the "Progressive" Presidents? |
| Trustbuster | A person working to destroy monopolies and trusts. |
| True | True or false? Roosevelt trustbusted the tobacco industry, aka The American Tobacco Company. |
| (The) Square Deal | Everyone should have the same opportunity to succeed. It gave opportunities for natural resources and for consumers too. |
| Meat Factory | After reading Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle, TR passed regulations for what industry? |
| Support | Did Teddy Roosevelt support of criticize conservation? |
| (William Howard) Taft | Who followed TR in the White House? |
| Bull Moose (Party) | Roosevelt's Progressive Party. |
| (Woodrow) Wilson | _________won election in 1912. |
| Federal Reserve Act | Set up a system of federal banks and gave the government the power to raise or lower interest rates and control the money supply |
| (Jennette) Rankin 1917 | Who was the first woman to serve in the US Congress and in what year was she elected? |
| Suffragists | People who worked for women's rights to vote. |
| Temperance Movement | A campaign against alcohol abuse. |
| (Francis) Willard | The president of the temperance movement. |
| (Carry) Nation | A woman whose husband was killed because of heavy drinking. She often came into bars with an axe and she smashed beer kegs and liquor bottles. |
| Jim Crow Laws | Laws enforcing segregation. |
| (Booker) (T.) (Washington) | An African American educator that wanted to address basic issues and help African Americans and he approached to politicians and businessmen. He wanted to move on to segregation later. |
| (W.E.B.) Du Bois | An African American scholar that wanted to fight discrimination. He didn't want segregation and helped form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NCAACP) in 1909. Unlike Washington, Du Bois wanted to address the issue of segregation immediately. |
| Lynching | Being murdered by a mob. More than 1,000 African Americans were had this happen to them. |
| (George) (Washington) Carver | African American Scientist that discovered hundreds of new used for peanuts and other crops grown in the south. |
| 1910 | In what year was there a major increase in immigration from Mexico? |
| Revolution Famine | There was a major increase in immigration from Mexico because of ___________ and __________. |
| Anti-Semitism | Prejudice against Jews. |
| Soft Reconstruction, 10% loyalty oath for soldiers to come back to the union and soldiers were allowed | Lincoln's 10% Plan |
| Hard Reconstruction, 50% must sign loyalty oath, no confederate soldiers were allowed to run for congress | Wade-Davis Bill |
| gave blacks education and protected them from whites | Freedmen's Bureau |
| When was Lincoln assassinated? | April 14, 1865 |
| Who assassinated Lincoln? | John Wilkes Booth |
| Who followed Lincoln as president? | Andrew Johnson |
| What was the 13th amendment? | Ended Slavery, 1865 |
| Believed in hard reconstruction, wanted to make it hard for southern states to come back | Radical Republicans |
| Who led the Radical Republicans | Thaddeus Stevens |
| What was the 14th amendment? | If your born in the US then your a citizen, passed in 1868 |
| Who was the first African American senator? | Hiram Rhodes Rebels from Mississippi in 1870 |
| Who were scalawags? | White Southerners who weren't for betraying the union |
| people who came down to the south and sold things for huge prices to poor people and forced them to pay it, | Carpetbaggers |
| Lincoln's 10% Plan | What plan said that 10% of a state's voters had to sign an oath of loyalty to the Union and then organize a state government and then send representatives and senators to congress. Confederate military leaders couldn't sign but regular soldiers were granted amnesty and could sign? |
| Wade Davis Bill | What bill said that 50% of a state's voters had to sign an oath of loyalty to the Union and then organize a state government and then send representatives and senators to congress. Confederate military leaders and confederate soldiers that voulenteered to join the army couldn't sign but drafted soldiers were granted amnesty and could sign? |
| Freedmen's Bureau | Bureau that was granted to help freedmen to provide relief like education and teaching them to read and write and defended freedmen. Freedmen were former slaves who had been freed by the 13th Amendment and the Emancipation Proclamation. |
| 1865 | Year that Lincoln was assasinated. |
| Booth | John Wilkes ________ assassinated Lincoln. |
| Johnson | Who followed Lincoln as president and was republican? |
| 13th 1865 | What amendment banned slavery and when was it passed? |
| Radical Republicans | _________ __________ were republicans that wanted hard reconstruction. |
| Stevens | Thaddeus ________ led the radical republicans. |
| 14th 1868 | What amendment gives citizenship to anyone who is born in the United States and when was it passed? |
| Revels | Hiram ________ was the first African American senator in 1870. |
| Scalawags | ______________ were white southerners who opposed secession. |
| Carpetbaggers | ________________ were white northerners who went south to start business or pursue political office. |
| Grant | ________ became president after Johnson in 1868, was a republican and was a former Union general. |
| 15 | The __th amendment said that you can't not let someone vote based on their race and was passed in 1869. |
| Ku Klux Klan | Who were white people who terrorized African Americans and white people who helped African Americans? |
| True | True or false? Corrupt in administration results in weakening of support for Republicans. Democrats gained more power was a major weakness in Grant's administration. |
| Hayes 1876 | Who became president after Grant and what year were they elected? |
| Sharecropper | A laborer who works the land for the farmer who owns it, in exchange for a share value of the crop. Borrow money to buy seeds and equipment from landowner. At end of season pay the money back from share of crop sales. If crop sales are poor you're stuck in cycle of debt. |
| True | True or false? Hayes (Republican) won the election under taking the federal troops out of the south ended reconstruction. (Corrupt party) |
| Grandfather Clause | What clause said that if your father had voted then you didn't have to do poll taxes and literacy tests to vote? |
| Poll Taxes | A way to prevent black people from voting in the south by making them pay to vote. |
| Literacy Test | A way to prevent black people from voting in the south by making them take a hard test that allows someone to vote. |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson | Court case that established segregation is ok. "Separate but equal." Board vs. Brown overturned this and said that segregation is not ok. |
| Tabacco | South's economy developed and didn't depend on only cotton. ______ farming developed and machine and textile industry developed. This was called the New South. |
| Confederate | Fort Sumter victor |
| 1861 | Fort Sumter year |
| 1861 | First Bull Run year |
| Confederate | First Bull Run victor |
| McDowell | First Bull Run Union general |
| Jackson | First Bull Run Confederate general |
| Johnston | Peninsular Campaign Confederate general |
| 1862 | Peninsular Campaign year |
| Confederate | Peninsular Campaign victor |
| McClellan | Peninsular Campaign Union general |
| 1862 | Antietam (Sharpsburg) year |
| Union | Antietam (Sharpsburg) victor |
| 26 | Antietam (Sharpsburg) had __ thousand casualties total. |
| McClellan | Antietam (Sharpsburg) Union general |
| Lee | Antietam (Sharpsburg) Confederate general |
| 1862 | Fredericksburg year |
| Confederate | Fredericksburg victor |
| Burnside | Fredericksburg Union general |
| Lee | Fredericksburg Confederate general |
| Lee | Chancellorsville Confederate general |
| 1863 | Chancellorsville year |
| Confederate | Chancellorsville victor |
| Hooker | Chancellorsville Union general |
| 1863 | Gettysburg year |
| Union | Gettysburg victor |
| Lee | Gettysburg Confederate general |
| Meade | Gettysburg Union general |
| 50 | Gettysburg had over __ thousand casualties during the three day battle |
| 1863 | Vicksburg year |
| Union | Vicksburg victor |
| Grant | Vicksburg Union general |
| Pemberton | Vicksburg Confederate general |
| Union | March to the Sea victor |
| Sherman | March to the Sea Union leader |
| Slocum | March to the Sea Confederate leader |
| 1864 1865 | March to the Sea lasted from ____ to ____. (Don't put any commas) |
| 1865 | Appomattox year |
| Union | Civil War victor |
| Lee | At Appomattox, General _____ surrenders. |
| 260 | In the Civil War, ___ thousand Confederate soldiers died. |
| 360 | In the Civil War, ___ thousand Union soldiers died. |
| 1787 | 3/5 Compromise year |
| 1820 | Missouri Compromise year |
| 1848 | End of the Mexican War (Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo) year |
| 1850 | Compromise of 1850 year |
| 1854 | Kansas-Nebraska Act year |
| 1857 | Dred Scott Decision year |
| 1854 | Founding of the (new) Republican Party year |
| 1860 | Election of Lincoln year |
| 1861 | Year when Civil War began |
| 12 | At Antietam (Sharpsburg), the Union suffered about __ thousand casualties. |
| 14 | Antietam (Sharpsburg), the Confederacy suffered about __ thousand casualties. |
| The Wilmot Proviso | -the Missouri Compromise did not apply to the new states gained in 1848 so there was a big debate -fearing the south would have too much power the north wanted the west states to be free -David Wilmot of Pennsylvania proposed that congress ban all slavery in the west but this never became a law -many slavery supports in the south thought of this of an attack on the south |
| An Antislavery Party | -both the Whigs and the Democrats didn't support slavery -Each hoped to gain support in both the north and south -the democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass proposed letting people in each new territory or state decide for themselves whether to allow slaves -some of the Whigs and Democrats wanted to make a stronger stand against slavery so they came together forming the Free-Soil Party |
| Popular Sovereignty | -both the Whigs and the Democrats didn't support slavery -Each hoped to gain support in both the north and south -the democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass proposed letting people in each new territory or state decide for themselves whether to allow slaves -some of the Whigs and Democrats wanted to make a stronger stand against slavery so they came together forming the Free-Soil Party |
| A Bitter Debate | -After the discovery of gold in California thousands of people went there and there was enough to make it a state -that would upset the balance of free and slave states -the north argued that there was more land on the south and that California should be free -the south threatened to secede it that happened -then senator Clay came up with another compromise that he hoped would end the argument -Calhoun was against the compromise and he was gravely ill and near death and wrote one last speech -he said that California should not be a free state because that would break up the union -Webster agreed with Clay |
| The compromise of 1850 | -in September 1850 congress finally passed five bills based on Clay's proposals - the compromise of 1850 was designed to end the crisis by giving both what the north and south wanted |
| To please the North | to please the North California was admitted to the Union as a free state and slavery was banned in the nation's capital |
| To please the South | -to please the South popular sovereignty would be used to decide the question of slavery in the rest of the Mexican Cession -also the southerners got a tough new fugitive slave law -the fugitive salve act of 1850 allowed special government officials to arrest anyone accused of being a run a-way slave |
| Outrage in the North | -the Fugitive Slave Act became the most controversial part of the Compromise of 1850 -the northerners were outraged that anyone could be accused of being a slave -many people were taking for their free lives to being in slavery and many free African Americans fled to Canada |
| Kanas-Nebraska act | -as the nation drew closer to war congress put out the Kanas-Nebraska act out in 1854 -it was proposed by Stephen Douglas who was eager to expand more -in 1854 Douglas wanted to have two territories and the southerners didn't like that because they were closed by the slave line -So Douglas said that popular sovereignty would decide if there would be slaves or not and this went against the Missouri Compromise |
| Fugitive Slave Act | Anyone that was excused of being a slave could be jailed by the government |
| The court decides | -Chef justice Robert Taney said that Scott was not a free man and that he didn't have the right to sue and that although they lived in a free state doesn't make him free -Thus the Missouri compromise was unconstitutional |
| The Reaction | -this decision meant that slavery was allowed in all states -the northerners were shocked many hoped that slavery would one day die out if it was restricted in the south -the southerners were very happy that now they could have slaves in the west -one man that spoke out against slavery was Abraham Lincoln he said that they should be people |
| Dred Scott Decision (Dred Scott v. Stanford) | Dred Scott was an enslaved person who lived with an army doctor in both the Illinois & Wisconsin Territory, where slavery was illegal. Dred Scott sued for his freedom because he lived in an anti-slavery area. Roger B. Taney, chief justice at the time, wrote that Scott was not a free man for 2 reasons: since African Americans weren't citizens, they had no right to sue & enslaved people are not free if they live in a free state because they are property. Plus, Taney said Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in any territory thus the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional |
| Lincoln-Douglas Debate | Lincoln was involved in the Illinois law and legislature. He was later elected to Congress but returned to Illinois. Lincoln opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act. He had been a long rival of Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas, author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. 1858-Lincoln ran for the Illinois Senate representing Republicans against Douglas. Lincoln fought against slavery while Douglas was strongly for popular sovereignty. Douglas won but they later ran against each other for presidency. |
| John Brown Revolt | John Brown hatched a plan to raise an army to free enslaved people in the South. 1859-Brown & others attacked the town of Harpers Ferry, VA to seize guns from the US army stored there and give them to the slaves to start a revolt. Brown was captured by Robert E. Lee's force. He was taken to court and found guilty of murder & treason. Brown said the Bible told him to defend the poor and enslaved. After he was hung, the North mourned and remembered him as a hero while the South thought the North was out to destroy their way of life. |
| Election Of 1860 | -The Republicans chose Abraham Lincoln as there representative because he was popular in the north because he was against slavery -the Northern Democrats chose Stephen Douglas -the southern Democrats chose John Breckinridge -some of the southerners still wanted to heal the split between the north and south so they made the Constitutional Union Party and nominated John Bell -Douglas tried to protect the Union but in the south at his speeches he got pelted with eggs -Lincoln received 40% of the votes and enough electoral votes to win` |
| Southern States Secede | -Lincoln winning sent shock waves through the south they thought that they had no power in the federal government anymore -south Carolina was the first state to secede -and on December 20, 1860 the convention passed a declaration that the Union has now Dissolved |
| The Confederate States Of America | -with hope of accommodation dissolved more states seceded and any attempt to stop it was not happing -in February the leaders of the seven seceded states met up in Montgomery Alabama to form a new Nation called The Confederate States |
| Fort Sumter | this fort was in Charleston South Carolina and the commander refused to give it up -the Carolina leader decided to let the people in it starve so they cut off food and in late December they could not hold off very long -lincoln did not want to give up but sending more troops may of caused the other states to secede -the confederate troops captured the fort when it was Isolated and the US gave up |
| The Border States | Delaware had few enslaved people and it supported the union -Kentucky Missori and Maryland favored the south -Kentucky and Missouri were important to controlling the Ohio and Mississippi rivers -Kentucky declared itself unetral and the Union generals wanted to occupy it but linclon thought that would maketem secede and when confederate forces invaded it Kentucky stayed with the North -When Missouri sided with the south the Union supporters set up there own state government and fighting broke out in the state and then Lincoln sent troops and then Missouri stayed with the north |
| North vs South Southern Advantages | although outnumbered the south had some military advantages -the north had to invade the south to win so that gave the south the home field advantage -They also had the three top Generals Albert Johnston Joseph Johnston and Robert E. Lee |
| North vs South Northern Advantages | The north had a population advantage and more resources to support a bigger army |
| First Battle Of Bull Run | people from Washington expected an easy Union victory so lots of people came out to watch -The Union was pushing on in the beginning and the Confederates started to fall back -then a southern commander yelled that Andrew Jackson was standing up like a stone wall and they stayed and they pushed off the Union and the Union retreated |
| Harsh Conditions of the War | -camp conditions were often miserable -lack of clean water was a major health threat of lots a dieses that spread a lot |
| New Weapon Technology | -new weapons were made in the civil war -new rifles and cannons were far more accurate than artillery and muskets -both sides also made Iron Clads or ships made of Iron instead of wood they were much stronger -the Conderates had the Merrimack and the Union had the Monitor |
| Lincoln Changes His Mind | -at first the president resisted he knew most northerners did not want to end slavery -he fear that if he emancipated enslaved African americans it might make the border states secede -he changed his mind and relized how big slavery was to the south war effort -he told his Cabinet that he intended to issue an Emancipation Proclamation |
| A Famous Proclamation | -in Janurary 1 1863 Lincoln issued the final Emancipation Proclamation -the document had little effect however it freed enslaved people only in areas that were fighting the Union -the proclamation did not apply to parts of the South already under Union control -many southerners accused Lincoln of trying to cause a slave revolt |
| Effects Of the Proclamation | -the proclamation freed few slaves at first it had other important effecrs -it canged the civil war into a struggle for freedom -it was now also a fight to end slavery -also the proclamation dashed any hopes of the south getting help from the British |
| Volunteering For Service | the Emancipation Proclamation encouraged African americans to fight with the Union -they served in All black regiments under with white officers and they earned less pay -they tokk place in many major battles and lots of minor ones -the most famous battle with the blacks was the attack on Fort Wagner -the blacks volunteered to go first and got to the fort walls though the fire of confederates -around half of the soldiers were lost -many blacks helped as hospital hands and cooks and wagon drivers |
| Resisting Slavery | in the south the slaves did as much as they could to hurt the confederate army -they destroyed equipment and gave information to the Union and refused to work in the south |
| Division in the South | -the war was strongest in Georgia and North Carolinia -and barely half of Georgia argreed with seceding and nearly 100 peace protests were in north carolinia in 1863 alone -the support for states rights created other dibisions -south carolia's governor objected to officers from other states leading South Carolina troops -the governors of Georgia and South Carolina did not want the Confederate government to force men from their states to do military service |
| Division in the North | many northerners opposed the Emancipation Proclamation -others believed that the south had the right to secede -some northern Democrats blamed Lincoln and the Republicans for forcing the war -The Democrats that opposed the war were called copperheads |
| Dealing with Disruptions | -in the south there were many people working against the south -they would argue men not to join the army and help POWS escape -to deal with this both president took away habeas corpus |
| Draft Laws | -A draft law is something that makes people join the army -many soldiers would go home and lots would not come back and they would leave their unit without permission -so they made a draft law that required military service -their were curtain ways for rich people to get out -if you where in the south and had 30 slaves you could get out -if you were in the north and if you were to pay the government 300 dollars you could get out -this made people made because it was a "poor mans war" |
| Women in the War | many woman would make themselves look like men to fight in the war -most women would just become a cook or a doctor |
| Confederate Victories | -the many victories got up the souths hope to win the war so they went to Ghettysburg -the new general Meade for the North pursued them -in all the Unoin lost 23,000 and the south lost 28,000 |
| Gettysburg Address | -in November 1863 15,000 gathered at Gettysburg to honor the people there and Lincoln have the Gettysburg address |
| March to the sea | -in September 1864 a Union army lead by Sherman went though Atlanta and Burnt it and keep on going -they took the crops and cattle and pulled up the railroads leaving a path of destruction 60 miles wide |
| agarrar | to grab |
| andar | to meander |
| arreglar | to fix |
| ayudar | to help |
| bailar | to dance |
| bajar | to go down |
| bucear | to dive |
| buscar | to look for |
| cambiar | to change |
| caminar | to walk |
| cantar | to sing |
| cocinar | to cook |
| comprar | to buy |
| contestar | to answer |
| conversar | to talk |
| cortar | to cut |
| desyunar | to have breakfast |
| descansar | to rest |
| desear | to desire |
| dibujar | to draw |
| enseñar | to teach |
| escuchar | to listen |
| esperar | to wait/hope |
| estudiar | to study |
| explicar | to explain |
| ganar | to win/earn |
| golpear | to hit |
| hablar | to talk |
| lavar | to wash |
| limpiar | to clean |
| llamar | to call |
| llegar | to arrive |
| llevar | to carry/wear |
| mirar | to watch |
| nadar | to swim |
| pagar | to pay |
| aprender | to learn |
| beber | to drink |
| comer | to eat |
| comprender | to understand |
| correr | to run |
| creer | to believe |
| deber | to owe |
| escoger | to choose |
| esconder | to hide |
| leer | to read |
| prometer | to promise |
| recoger | to gather |
| responder | to respond |
| romper | to break |
| vender | to sell |
| pasar | to pass/spend |
| pasear | to walk |
| pegar | to hit |
| pintar | to paint |
| preguntar | to ask |
| regresar | to return |
| repasar | to go over |
| sacar | to take out |
| terminar | to finish |
| tocar | to touch/play |
| tomar | to take |
| trabajar | to work |
| viajar | to travel |
| visitar | to visit |
| abrir | to open |
| asistir | to attend |
| tirar | to throw |
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