Unit 7 Civil Rights Movement
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52 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 13th amendment | outlawed slavery |
| 14th amendment | gave African-Americans citizenship |
| 15th amendment | African-American males the right to vote |
| segregation | separation of races |
| de jure | segregation by law |
| de facto | segregation by fact or reality, by situation, just happens to be segregated |
| Jim Crow Laws | *segregation laws in the south that was named after an old song and dance number that was done by a white comedian in a black face *a way of life |
| *literacy test *poll test *grandfather clause *violence | voting barriers |
| Plessey vs. Ferguson | *passed in Louisiana that separate car act saying that they had to ride in different cars on the rail roads *Homer Plessey was an African-American who was going to test this *was arrested and the case made it to the Supreme Court that ruled that segregation was constitutional and established separate but equal |
| Booker T. Washington | born a slave in 1856, got an education after the Civil War and went on to become the leader of a teachers college in Alabama called the Tuskegee Institute, he believed that it would help with racial equality |
| W.E.B. DuBois | more radical leader who was highly educated and became the head of the NAACP in 1910 and the editor of its journal the Crisis |
| National Association of the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) | worked for racial equality and is the oldest civil rights organization |
| Marcus Garvey | social activist who was the founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and was dedicated to promoting African-Americans and to resettle in Africa |
| Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) | interracial organization who worked for equality of all races whose leader was James Farmer |
| Anti-Lynching Law | Truman passed a bill that would make lynching a federal crime |
| Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka | this worked for the integration of schools and overturned Plessey vs. Ferguson |
| Bus Segregation | whites riding in the front of buses and blacks in the back |
| Rosa Parks | seamstress who did not move from her spot on the bus for a white man was arrested and caused the start of the Montgomery Bus Boycott |
| Civil Disobedience | refusing to obey a law that is deemed immoral who started the SCLC |
| Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) | important organization for voting rights, an end to segregation, and equality for all |
| The Little Rock Nine | school in Arkansas that enrolled 9 students into Central High School |
| Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) | interracial organization made up mostly of college students with the leader Ella Baker |
| Bull Connor | police chief in Birmingham and was in charge of an all-white police force who was malicious to blacks |
| George Wallace | governor of Alabama who was an avid segregationist |
| Fred Shuttlesworth | pastor from the first Baptist church who started the ACMHR |
| Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR) | worked for equal access to employment and to end discrimination and segregation in all public accommodations |
| 16th Street Baptist Church | 15 sticks of dynamite were used to blow up this building and killed 4 little girls |
| The Children's March | children and young adults showed up to protest recent events and most people were sent to jail or had fire hoses or dogs attacking them |
| Freedom Rides | 13 riders, black and white got on a bus heading South, they encountered only minor problems until they split into 2 buses in Atlanta, Georgia where the buses were mobbed and ended up in flames |
| Freedom Summer | voter drive in 1964 in Mississippi organized by SNIC that would help blacks register to vote, educate them on constitutional rights, and educate poor blacks |
| Fannie Lou Hamer | women who participated in Freedom Summer that was a member of SNIC |
| The Selma March | a march for the right to vote in Selma, Alabama |
| Bloody Sunday | on the first day of the Selma March which resulted in riots and police on horseback with whips, clubs, and tear gas |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | put Federal Government in charge of elections and eliminated the literacy test and the grandfather clause |
| 24th amendment | eliminated the poll tax |
| Watts Riot | *these riots broke out because of police brutality, unemployment, run down communities, and de facto segregation *34 people were killed over a cop pulling over one man being pulled over for suspected drunk driving |
| Nation of Islam | members known as Black Muslims that worked for Blacks to empowering themselves and achieving political, economic, and social success |
| Elisa Mohammad | leader of the Nation of Islam |
| Malcolm X | *spokesperson for the Nation of Islam but found out about Mohammad's affairs and split from the organization and formed his own organization called the Afro-American Unity *assassinated while giving a speech |
| James Meredith | first to integrate Old Miss |
| Floyd McKissick | leader of CORE |
| Stokely Carmichael | leader of SNCC |
| The Black Power Movement | encouraged the interracial organizations to stop recruiting whites and not associate themselves with white society |
| The Black Panthers | *started by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale *radical organization to fight police brutality in the Ghetto *publically preached armed revolt |
| Martin Luther King Jr. | *activist for civil rights *said the "I have a dream speech" *assassinated while giving a speech |
| James Earl Ray | killed Martin Luther King Jr. |
| Robert Kennedy | *running for president *Sirham Sirham shot and killed him *supporter of Civil Right |
| Civil Rights Act of 1968 | passed by Johnson outlawed discrimination in housing |
| The Kerner Commission | *president Johnson appointed a group of people to study the causes of urban violence *wrote a 200,000 word report *gave recommendations on how to fix the violence |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | ended segregation in public place |
| affirmative action | backwards racism |
| Civil Right Act of 1968 | got rid of segregation in housing |
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