Science CH3
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 fluid | non-solid state of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other |
| kinetic theory of matter | -matter is made of atoms and molecules -atoms and molecules act like tiny particles that are always in motion -the higher the temperature, the faster they move -at the same temperature, more massive particles move slower than less massive ones |
| solid | definite shape and volume |
| liquid | changes shape, not volume |
| gas | changes both shape and volume |
| compressed | close together |
| plasma | state of matter that consists of free-moving ions and electrons; does not have a definite shape or volume |
| ionized | electrically charged |
| energy | the capacity to do work |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| temperature | measure of how hot or cold something is; specifically a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object |
| thermal energy | total kinetic energy of a substance's atoms |
| evaporation | the change of state from a liquid to a gas |
| sublimation | the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas |
| condensation | the change of state from a gas to a liquid |
| law of conservation of mass | mass cannot be created or destroyed |
| law of conservation of energy | energy cannot be created or destroyed |
| pressure | the amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface |
| pascal | the SI unit of pressure; equal to the force of 1 N exerted over an area of 1 square meter |
| P | =force/area =F/A |
| buoyant force | the upward force that keeps an object immersed in or floating on a fluid |
| viscosity | the resistance of a gas or liquid to flow |
| Bernoulli's Principle | as the speed of a moving liquid increases, the pressure of the moving fluid decreases |
| gas laws | the laws that state the mathematical relationships between the volume, temperature, pressure and quantity of a gas |
| Boyle's Law | for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas increases as the gas's pressure decreases |
| Boyle's Law | (pressure1)(volume1) = (pressure2)(volume2) P1V1 = P2V2 |
| Guy Lussac's Law | the pressure of a gas increases as the temperature increases, if the volume of the gas does not change |
| Charles' Law | for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of a gas increases as the gas's temperature increases |
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