Chapter 11
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jaredshmared on October 2, 2009
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Chapter 11
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Revolution of 1800 | In the United States Presidential election of 1800, sometimes referred to as the "Revolution of 1800," Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent president John Adams. The election was a realigning election that ushered in a generation of Democratic-Republican Party rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party. |
| Patronage | (politics) granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support |
| Judiciary Act of 1801 | law that increased the number of federal judges by sixteen |
| midnight judges | The 16 judges that were added by the Judiciary Act of 1801 that were called this because Adams signed their appointments late on the last day of his administration. |
| Marbury v Madison | established concept of judicial review, first time supreme court declared something 'unconstitutional' |
| Tripolitan War | Conflict in 1801 when the pasha of Tripoli cut down the flagstaff of the American consulate, lasting four years, after which a treaty was reached for the sum of $60,000 to ransom captured Americans. |
| Louisiana Purchase | A territory in the west central United States purchased from France in 1803; extended from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, and the gulf of Mexico to Canada. (p. 409) |
| Corps of Discovery | a group of people who "discovered" stuff; they discovered the Pacific Ocean; Lewis and Clark and Sakajawea were some |
| Orders in Council | Britain blockaded the ports of France and its allies, thereby preventing neutral nations from trading with these nations |
| impressment | British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service |
| Chesapeake affair | 1807 - The American ship Chesapeake refused to allow the British on the Leopard to board to look for deserters. In response, the Leopard fired on the Chesapeake. As a result of the incident, the U.S. expelled all British ships from its waters until Britain issued an apology. |
| Embargo Act | The U.S. tried to hurt Britain and France by cutting off the supplies they needed from America because it banned all the U.S.'s foreign trade. |
| Non-Intercourse act | prohibited trade only with Britain and France |
| Macon's Bill No 2 | which became law on May 1, 1810, was intended to motivate Britain and France to stop seizing American vessels during the Napoleonic Wars. |
| War Hawks | Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand. |
| Battle of Tippecanoe | Tecumseh & the prophet form confederation and are defeated by William Henry Harrison; makes many americans suspicious of british aid and stirred up talk of canadian invasion |
| Thomas Jefferson | 3rd President of the United States |
| Sally Hemmings | Jefferson's mistress after his wife's death that was technically his slave. Despite the fact that she was 7/8 white, she was still considered a black woman, and therefore could not marry Jefferson, even though he fathered some of her children. Sally Hemmings spent thirty years as Jefferson's slave because if Jefferson freed her, she'd have to leave. Sally Hemmings presents an interesting case of contradiction for Jefferson, as he could write a great document that promotes the equality of man, but could not marry or live with his lover and mother of some of his children. |
| Albert Gallatin | He was Jefferson's secretary. Jefferson and Gallatin believed that to pay the interest on debt, there would have to be taxes. Taxes would suck money from industrious farmers and put it in the hands of wealthy creditors. |
| John Marshall | created the precedent of judicial review; ruled on many early decisions that gave the federal government more power, especially the supreme court |
| Samuel Chase | Federalist Supreme Court justice impeached by the House in 1804 but acquitted by the Senate |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | This was a military leader that took control of France in 1800, establishing an empire over the next two decades. |
| Robert R. Livingston | As U.S. Minister to France from 1801 to 1804, he negotiated the Louisiana Purchase. |
| Toussaint L'Ouverture | was an important leader of the Haïtian Revolution and the first leader of a free Haiti. In a long struggle again the institution of slavery, he led the blacks to victory over the whites and free coloreds and secured native control over the colony in 1797, calling himself a dictator. |
| Meriwether Lewis | sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore the land west of the Mississippi River; found plants and animals; created accurate maps; met Native American groups; sent with William Clark |
| William Clark | United States explorer who (with Meriwether Lewis) led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River |
| Aaron Burr | served as the 3rd Vice President of the United States. Member of the Republicans and President of the Senate during his Vice Presidency. He was defamed by the press, often by writings of Hamilton. Challenged Hamilton to a duel in 1804 and killed him. |
| James Madison | 4th President of the United States |
| Tecumseh | a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement (1768-1813) |
| the prophet | A Shawnee indian leader whose brother was Tecumseh |
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