1 CWC Prentice Hall Physical Science Chapters 21, 23, 24, and 25 Flashcards
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56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 electromagnetism | relationship between electricity and magnetism |
| solenoid | long coil of wire that acts like a magnet when current flows through it |
| electromagnet | solenoid with a magnetic material such as iron inside its coils |
| electric motor | device that uses an electromagnet to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy that is used to do work |
| galvanometer | device that uses an electromagnet to detect small amounts of current |
| induced current | current produced in a wire exposed to a changing magnetic field |
| electromagnetic induction | process by which a current is produced by a changing magnetic field |
| generator | device that uses electromagnets to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy |
| transformer | device that increases or decreases the voltage of alternating current |
| waves | traveling disturbance that carries energy from one place to another |
| vibration | movement that follows the same path over and over again |
| medium | material through which a mechanical wave travels |
| mechanical waves | wave that disturbs a medium |
| crests | highest points on a wave |
| troughs | lowest points on a wave |
| amplitude | greatest distance from crest of a wave |
| wavelength | distance between two consecutive similar points on a wave |
| frequency | number of waves that pass a certain point in a given point in time |
| transverse waves | wave in which the motion of the medium is at right angles to the direction of the wave |
| longitudinal waves | wave in which the motion of the medium is parallel to the direction of the wave |
| surface wave | wave that consists of a combination of transverse and longitudinal waves and occurs at the surface between two different mediums |
| formula for speed | speed= Frequency x Wavelength |
| reflection | bouncing back of waves upon reaching another surface |
| law of reflection | States that the angle of incidence (i) is equal to the angle of reflection (r) |
| refraction | bending of waves due to a change in speed |
| diffraction | the bending of waves around the edge of an obstacle |
| interference | interaction of waves that occur at the same place at the same time |
| standing wave | wave that does not appear to be moving; occurs at the natural frequency of the material |
| resonant frequency | frequency at which a standing wave occurs |
| pitch | property of sound that depends on frequency |
| ultrasonic | sounds waves with frequencies higher than 20000 Hz |
| infrasonic | sound waves with frequencies lower than 20 Hz |
| Doppler effect | change in sound or light that occurs whenever there is motion between the source and its observer |
| intensity | the amount of energy carried by a wave in a certain amount of time; determines the loudness of a sound |
| acoustics | science of sound and its interactions |
| sound quality | blending of pitches to produce sound; timbre |
| fundamental tone | note produced at its lowest frequency at which a standing wave occurs |
| overtones | tone produced at frequencies higher than the fundamental at which a standing wave occurs |
| Sonar | High-frequency ultrasonic waves are used in this system |
| outer ear | part of the human ear that funnels sound waves into the ear |
| eardrum | stretched membrane in the ear that vibrates at the same frequency as the sound waves that enter the ear |
| middle ear | part of the ear that receives vibrations from the eardrum and contains the hammer, anvil, and stirrup |
| inner ear | liquid-filled portion of the ear; receives vibrations from the middle ear |
| cochlea | port of the ear that contains hundreds of nerve cells attached to nerve fibers |
| electromagnetic spectrum | arrangement of electromagnetic waves in order of wavelength and frequency |
| radio waves | electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengthes and lowest frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum |
| modulation | variation; in the particular, in the amplitude or frequincy of an electromagnetic wave |
| microwaves | high-frequency radio wave used primarily for communication |
| radar | use of short-wavelength microwaves to locate objects and monitor speed |
| luminous object | object that is capable of giving off its own light |
| illuminated object | object that reflects light and does not produce its own light |
| incandescent light | light produced by heat |
| fluorescent light | light produced by bombarding molecules of gas in a tube |
| Neon light | cool light produced when elecctrons fflow through a glass tube filled with gas |
| photon | tiny bundle of light energy |
| photoelectric effect | process by which light can be used to knock electrons out of a metals; can only be explained using the particle nature of light |
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