Chapter 9 The Mao Years
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17 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Five Year Plan | emphasized building heavy industry, such as steel, machine tools, and trucks, that could serve as a base for further economic development |
| Land Reform | increase economic output so that China's industrialization could be built on the profits made in agriculture/ 2 Steps: "land to the tiller" and joining farmers together |
| Struggle meetings | meetings held by neighbors of landlords and led by Communist party cadres when the accused landlords would be beaten or killed |
| Cooperatives | farms owned and operated by the government |
| marriage law | gave women equality to men, did away with arranged marriages, allowed women to divorce more easily, permitted women to inherit property and pass it on to their children, and protected children by outlawing infanticide |
| Three-anti campaign | campaigns against corruption and waste among elites in party and government |
| Five-anti campaign | campaign against corruption in business and industry |
| Hundred Flowers movement | allow intellectuals to voice criticisms; Mao thought they would be mild, but the criticisms were very harsh about the government and its policies and led to mass numbers of people being jailed or put to labor |
| rightists | people opposed to proper "leftist" Communist policies; Mao ordered mass jailing and labor of these people as many as 400,000-700,000 people were put to this punishment |
| Great Leap forward | China's second five-year plan under the leadership of the impatient Mao, it aimed to speen up economic development while simultaneously developing a completely socialitst society. This plan failed and more than 32 million people starved between 1958 and 1960 |
| people's communes | main local governmental units in charge of economic development, social services, education, and levying and collecting taxes |
| revisionists | favored spurring the output of workers with higher salaries, bonuses, and rewards, believed in importance of having experts and professionals in charge, and believed in stable government and building bases for modernization slowly and methodically |
| Liu Shaoqi | revisionist who was tortured and sent off to die, ill, untreated, and alone |
| Deng Xiaoping | revisionist who was forced into exile |
| Four olds | Old ideas, culture, customs and habits were attacked by the Red Guards under Mao's instruction, in hopes to destroy anything that might have disagreed with communism; anything that resembled dynastic views |
| Red Guards | Mao's soldiers that were students from middle school, high school, and universities, who came by tens of thousands to Beijing to see Mao |
| Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution | the political campaign launched in 1966 to stop China's drift away form socialism and toward capitalism. The campaign led to massive purges in the Chinese Communist Party, widespread persecution of China's intellectuals, and the destruction of invaluable cultural artifacts. It ended in 1976 after Mao's death and the arrest of some of his most radical followers. |
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