| Term | Definition |
| adjudicate | to hear and judge judicially |
| centennial | a one-hundredth anniversary or its celebration |
| countenance | a person's face; the expression on a person's face |
| disgruntle | to make dissatisfied; to put in a bad mood |
| equilibrium | a state of balance |
| expedite | to speed up a process; to facilitate |
| gird | to encircle, bind, or surround |
| gratuitous | not called for; unnecessary |
| illusory | unreal or imagined; deceiving |
| implacable | incapable of being placated, soothed, or significantly changed; relentless |
| luminary | a source of light, especially from the sky, such as the sun or the moon |
| manifesto | a public statement explaining the intentions, motives, or views of an individual or group |
| precedent | an act or satement that may serve as an example or justification for a later one |
| spurious | not genuine; false |
| mesmerize | to fascinate or hypnotize |