Church History- Final
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rcarstensen on May 19, 2012
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Crew-Renzo
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57 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Signs and Symbols of the Pentecost | Wind, fire, speaking in tongues; symbols of God, power, punishment, mercy, guidance, hope, purification |
| Council of Jerusalem | The first Church council; to resolve controversy over whether or not Gentile Christians should follow Jewish Law; council decided that they didn't need to follow JL; Gentiles welcomed as full and active members of the Christian Church |
| Paul's Attitude Towards Jewish Law | Jewish Law focuses too much on doctrine; it is about faith not strictly following rules; --> faith, love, equality, unity |
| Paul's Concept of the Body of Christ | Everyone in the church makes up Christ's body |
| Reasons for Persecuting Christians | Nero blamed Christians for the fire in Rome, Christian beliefs directly conflicted with the emperor and the Roman Gods, Christianity broke off from Judaism (which was under Roman protection), Christians refused to pay taxes |
| Effect of Persecution on the Church | Led to a split between martyrs and apostates |
| Roman Martyrs | Group of people who endured suffering and even death rather than denounce their faith |
| Council of Nicaea | In response to new heresy, Emperor Constantine called a council to clarify Christian beliefs; council made Nicene Creed |
| Arianism | Jesus was human, capable of virtue and sin, not equal to God |
| Gnosticism | All material creation is evil; salvation recieved by secret teaching revealed only to a few; Jesus was not human-- mind of God trapped in a human body |
| Marcion | Two Gods; Yahweh (God of Old Testament) angry, vengeful, tyrannical, not the God Jesus talked about; Abba (God of Jesus) loving, merciful, forgiving, not known before Jesus came and revealed him |
| St. Antony of Egypt | Hermit; sold all his personal belongings, gave the money to the poor, moved to the desert |
| Monasticism | Practice of living in solitude, focusing on prayer, silent contemplation, and love towards others |
| Augustine- Free Will | Sin is proof that free will exists- God would not let us choose to sin unless he wanted to give us free will, God foreknows that we will exercise our free wills |
| Augustine's Response to Pelagius | ... |
| Edict of Milan | Emperor Constantine issued a declaration allowing religious freedom in the Roman Empire |
| Constantine | Emperor of Rome; called the Council of Nicaea; after Battle of Milvian Bridge, heard the voice of God, attributes victory to this God; adds Abba to Roman Gods and issues Edict of Milan (religious freedom for Christians) |
| Charlemagne | Europe's religion is Christianity; recognized the importance of education |
| Impact of Islam | ... |
| The Crusades | Muslims and Christians fought over the Holy Land (Jerusalem) |
| Simony | Payment of money to be appointed to a Church office |
| Lay Investiture | The practice of lay persons (such as kings) appointing bishops, priests, abbots, and abbesses |
| Filioque Controversy | Emperor Charlemagne allowed a change in the wording in the Nicene Creed to "[the Holy Spirit proceeds] from the Father AND THE SON." Eastern Church was angry because they weren't consulted and a secular leader imposed it. |
| St. Francis and St. Dominic | Believed in living simply and in isolation from society |
| St. Thomas Aquinas | Demonstrated the validity of Christian beliefs through logic and reason |
| Avignon Papacy | ... |
| Catherine of Siena | Helps end Avignon Papacy; doctor of the Church; wrote to the Pope asking him to be responsible and rid the Church of corruption; calls for a crusade, for unity in the Church |
| Great Papal Schism | ... |
| Martin Luther | ... |
| Indulgences | Paper which buys time out of purgatory; before- time out of purgatory was earned, in the corrupt Church, indulgences are sold for profit |
| Sola Scriptura | Scripture alone is the source of divine revelation and truth |
| Doctrine of Justification by Faith Through Grace | Humans can do nothing but have faith in God and trust that God takes sinful humans and makes them righteous |
| Priesthood of All Believers | The Church/Body of Christ is made up of everyone (all believers), not just priests |
| John Calvin | God controls salvation; the Elect are saved, the Damned are condemned to hell; Calvinists do many good works to assure themselves that they are part of the Elect; people are innately evil, the fact that anyone is saved is a sign of God's overwhelming love and generosity |
| Predestination | God determines- before birth- whether a person is destined for eternal salvation or eternal damnation; no actions or amount of faith can change this |
| Pope Leo X | Corrupt; sale of indulgences; tried to excommunicate Luther |
| Council of Trent | Goals: reform corruption and clarify doctrine; no more sale of indulgences; clerical reform: vows of chastity, poverty, obedience, bishop lives in diocese, priests wear distinctive clothing- represent the church, seminary education required |
| Enlightenment | The 17th and 18th century movement in Europe during which reason and science grew in importance as sources of truth |
| John Carroll | First American bishop; believed that people can share both American and Catholic values; spiritual fidelity to the Pope doesn't interfere with loyalty to the American political system |
| American Catholics | People who participate freely in the political system of the United States while remaining loyal to the papacy in Rome |
| Enculturation | The process by which an individual learns the traditional content of a culture and assimilates its practices and values |
| Our Lady of Guadalupe | A symbol similar to the Virgin Mary but with both European and Native American heritage; example of enculturation |
| Pope Pius IX "Pio No-No)" | Called Vatican I; came up with Fortress Mentality; published "Syllabus of Errors"; presided over the final break between the Church and the Papal States |
| The -isms | Liberalism, Marxism, rationalism, capitalism, Darwinism, skepticism, nationalism, individualism, secularism, socialism; radical ideas that the Church saw as threatening |
| Fortress Mentality | The Church felt threatened by the changes in society (the isms) and said that if a Christian wanted salvation, he or she should "climb into the fortress" of the Church, holding on to the traditional ideas and ignoring the radical ideas |
| Catholic Social Teaching/Rerum Novarum | Human (esp. workers) dignity, solidarity, family/community/participation, care for God's creation (esp. poor and vulnerable); Pope Leo XIII |
| Papal Infallibility | The Pope is incapable of error when, under the influence of the Holy Spirit, he makes an official, definitive statement about faith or morals |
| Immaculate Conception | God favored Mary by preserving her form original sin from the first moment of her conception and she remained free from personal sin throughout her life |
| Doctrine of the Assumption | Mary's body and soul were taken up to heaven by God |
| Pope John XXIII | ... |
| History of Vatican II | ... |
| Gaudium et Spes | ... |
| Church's Vision of the World at Vatican II | ... |
| The Constitution on Sacred Liturgy | ... |
| Liturgical Reform | ... |
| Nostra Aetate | ... |
| Inter-religious Dialogue | ... |
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