Comp 1 terms UNF
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63 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Atrophy | Decrease in size of a tissue or organ due to inactivity. |
| Contractures | Abnormal shortening of the muscle that causes resistance to stretching and eventually may cause a state of permanent flexion. |
| Calcium Resorption/Disuse Osteoporosis | Demineralization of bones that makes them brittle and easily fractured. |
| Pressure Ulcer | A lesion caused by unrelieved pressure that damages underlying tissue because of diminished perfusion. |
| Shear | the pressure exerted against the skin in a direction parallel to the body surface. |
| Friction | Mechanical irritation to the skin that occurs when it is dragged across a coarse or rough surface. |
| Excoriation | A general term for damage to the epidermis. |
| Cardiovascular Workload | Increases when patient is on bedrest related to the effects of the heart having to push blood against gravity. |
| Valsalva's Maneuver | Straining against a closed glottis. Often occurs when weak patients try to move themselves around in bed. |
| Reflex Bradycardia | caused by pushing or straining with mouth closed and breath held. This action stimulates the vagus nerve and can result in fainting or worse. |
| Orthostatic Intolerance | A drop in Systolic BP of 15 mmHg or more, or a drop in Diastolic BP of 10 mmHg or more and an increase in heart rate of 15%. This can happen when a patient goes from supine to a standing position. |
| Venous Stasis | Slow or stagnant blood flow in the veins of the lower extremities. Risk for clots to form (DVT). |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis | Clots in the deep veins of the legs. Signs include calf pain, increased calf circumference, and warmth. 50% of hospitalized patients are at risk. |
| Pulmonary Embolus | Blood clot that breaks loose and travels through circulation and enters the lung. Can be fatal. |
| Homan's Test | Actively "Forcing" a patient's foot into dorsiflexion to see if it causes pain in the calf. Discredited as a reliable test for the presence of a DVT. |
| Immobility's effect on respiration | Lung function is compromised, respiratory muscles weaken, and the ability to cough is decreased. |
| Atalectasis | The collapse of alveoli due to hypoventilation -- distal alveoli are not refilled and they collapse as all of the air in them is absorbed into circulation. |
| Hypostatic Pneumonia | caused by stasis of secretions. Secretions accumulate and are not coughed out; excellent growth medium for microorganisms. |
| Trochanter Roll | prevents external rotation of the hip by keeping the hip adducted. A rolled-up bath blanket extended from lateral aspect of hip to mid-thigh. |
| Hip Replacement | Require abduction during early postoperative period. |
| Fowler's Position | head of bed raised. Preferred while patient is eating or when stomach tube is being inserted. Promotes lung expansion and ease of breathing. |
| High Fowler's | 60 to 90 degree elevation |
| Semi-Fowler's | 45 degree elevation |
| Low Fowler's | 30 degree elevation |
| Trendelenberg | Entire frame of bed tilted with feet higher than head. Bed on a "slant." Used for shock or to facilitate lung drainage. |
| Reverse Trendelenberg | Entire bed frame is on a slant with the head higher than the feet. Promotes gastric emptying and prevention of acid reflux into the esophagus. |
| Supine/Dorsal Recumbent | Flat on back. |
| Prone | Flat on stomach, face down |
| Sims | on side, but further toward prone; one leg over the other. Can be left or right lateral. Left lateral used for enema administration. |
| Sequential (pneumatic) Compression Devices | Plastic sleeves containing air bladders and connected to an electric air pump. They alternately inflate and deflate with air to cause a "milking" or "pumping" effect. |
| Isometric (resistive) Exercises | tensing muscle and holding or applying pressure against an unyielding object. Increases heartrate and cardia output. Does not prevent contractures. |
| Isotonic Exercises | Muscle actually contracts and shortens. Most gym type exercises are this kind. Increase HR, cardiac output, blood flow, prevents contractures, build muscle mass and strength. |
| Range of Motion Exercises | Move joints through their maximum travel (don't force). Five repetitions per joint per session. |
| Flexion | Bending a joint in the natural position of movement. |
| Extension | Moving from a flexed to a straight or neutral position. |
| Rotation | Pivoting on axis. External (away from midline of body) Internal (toward midline of body). |
| Abduction | Movement of limb away from the midline of the body. |
| Adduction | Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body |
| Supination | Rotation of palm anterior (facing upward). |
| Pronation | Rotation of palm posterior (facing downward). |
| Plantar Flexion | Flexion of ankle toward floor. |
| Dorsiflexion | Flexion of ankle toward knee. |
| Eversion | Movement of ankle away from the midline or laterally. |
| Inversion | Movement of ankle toward midline or medially. |
| Circumduction | To move in a circle. |
| Quadriplegia | Paralysis of arms, legs, and trunk. |
| Quadriparesis | Weakness of arms, legs, and lower trunk. |
| Paraplegia | Paralysis of legs and lower trunk. |
| Paraparesis | Weakness of legs and lower trunk. |
| Hemiplegia | Paralysis of one side of the body. |
| Hemiparesis | Weakness on one side of the body. |
| Fatigue | An overwhelming, sustained sense of exhaustion and decreased capacity for physical and mental work at usual level. |
| Impaired Dentition | Disruption in tooth development/eruption patterns or structural integrity of individual teeth |
| Impaired Oral mucous membrane | Disruptions of lips and soft tissues of oral cavity. |
| Impaired wheelchair Mobility | Limitation of independent operation of wheelchair within environment. |
| Impaired Physical Mobility | A limitation in independent, purposeful physical movement of the body or of one or more extremities. |
| Impaired bed Mobility | Limitation of independent movement from one bed position to another. |
| Impaired Walking | Limitation of independent movement within the environment on foot (or artificial limb). |
| Bathing/hygiene Self-care deficit | Impaired ability to perform or complete bathing/hygiene activities for oneself. |
| Activity intolerance | Insufficient physiological or psychological energy to endure or complete required or desired daily activities. |
| Risk for Injury | At risk of injury as a result of the interaction of environmental conditions interacting with the individual's adaptive and defensive resources. |
| Ineffective Tissue perfusion | Decrease in oxygen resulting in failure to nourish tissues at capillary level. |
| Maceration | Softening of the skin due to prolonged contact with water. |
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