Cell structure Quiz
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cell | basic unit of biological organization |
| Basic Composition of the Cell | protoplasm, cell membrane, organelles |
| Schleiden and Schwann | proposed cell theory in 1830 |
| All organisms | composed of one or more cells |
| Cells | arise only from other cells |
| All existing cells | descendants of the first cells |
| Cell Membrane | double phospholipid layer with embedded proteins |
| Membrane transport | selectively permeable membrane |
| Osmosis | moving from high to low concentration |
| Protein channels | channel that the cell uses to bring in and remove large molecules, it also is used to bring in water |
| Active transport | when cells must move materials in an opposite direction - against a concentration gradient. It requires energy |
| Fluid mosaic model | a model conceived by S.J. Singer and Garth Nicolson in 1972 to describe the structural features of biological membranes. |
| Cytoplasm of the cell | mostly water with chemical compounds in solution or colloid |
| Solution | atoms or ions distributed in medium |
| Polar compounds | go into solution |
| Nonpolar compounds | go into colloidal suspension |
| Nucleus | control center of the cell |
| Nuclear membrane | has pores to allow substances passage |
| Chromatin | genetic material inside nucleoplasm |
| Nucleolus | site of ribosome formation |
| Blood cells | don't have nucleus |
| Mitochondria | powerhouses of the cell |
| Cristae | inner folds where cellular respiration occurs |
| Glucose | converted to ATP |
| Lysosomes | Digestive enzyme packages |
| Function of Lysosomes | digest stored food, maintenance and repair of organelles |
| Apoptosis | suicide agents for old or weak cells |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | System of membranes that makes up channels, Connects with outer nuclear and cell membranes |
| Types of ER | Rough and Smooth |
| Rough ER | for protein synthesis attached ribosomes |
| Smooth ER | fat transport and sex hormone synthesis |
| The Golgi Apparatus/ Complex | collection of flat saclike cisternae. Concentration and collection of cellular compounds. Storage warehouses of the cell and Carbohydrate synthesis site |
| Ribosomes | Distributed throughout cytoplasm. Attached to rough Endoplaqsmic Reticulum. No membrane covering. Site of protein synthesis. |
| Protein functions | structure, enzymes orcatalysts, immune response |
| DNA | contains the code for a particular protein and its found in nucleus |
| Transcription Messenger | RNA copies DNA code, leaves nucleus |
| Ribosomes | link amino acids together |
| Centrosome | two centrioles at right angles to each other and composed of nine sets of triplet fibers |
| Cilia and Flagella | Hairlike protrusions from cell membrane. Nine double fibrils around two single central fibrils |
| Cilia | move materials across cell surface |
| Flagellum | propels cell through a medium |
| Chloroplasts | most common plastid |
| Photosynthesis | conversion of light into chemical energy |
| Chromoplasts | carotenoid pigments |
| Leukoplasts | store food |
| Cell Wall | surround cell membrane and its composed of cellulose |
| Cellulose | dietary fiber |
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