| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Metabolism | total cellular chemical changes |
| Anabolism | process of building up |
| Catabolism | process of breaking down |
| Calorie | measure of energy contained in food |
| ATP | energy source available to the cell |
| Glycolysis | breakdown of glucose. Anaerobic or Aerobic process. |
| Anaerobic | with out O2 |
| Aerobic | Process that uses O2 |
| Electron Transport System | Series of reduction/ oxidation reactions. Requires O2, electron carries. Number of ATP molecules dependent on electron carrier. Water is a waste product |
| Mitosis | duplication of genetic material |
| Cytokinesis | duplication of organelles |
| Meiosis | reduction division only in gonads |
| Interphase | 4 cell carrying out its function |
| G1 | primary growth phase |
| S | DNA duplication |
| G2 | centrioles complete duplication, mitochondria replicate, chromosomes condense and coil |
| Prophase | Chromosomes become visible as chromatids joined by certromere. Two kinetochores at the centromere. Centrioles move to opposite poles. Nuclear membrane breaks down. Microtubules attach kinetochores to spindle |
| Metaphase | Chromatids align at equator of cell. Centromere divides |
| Anaphase | Divided centromere pulls chromatids to opposite pole. Cytokinesis begins |
| Telophase | Chromosomes uncoil and decondense. Spindle apparatus breaks down. New nuclear membrane forms. Cytokinesis nearly complete |
| Animal cells | cleavage furrow forms. cell is pinched into daughter cells |
| Plant cells | cell plate forms at equator. cell plate becomes new cell wall |
| Meiosis: A Reduction Division | Occurs only in the gonads. Reduces genetic material from diploid to haploid. Two divisions resulting in four cells |
| Prophase I | homologous chromosomes pair and cross over |
| Metaphase I | chromosomes align along equator |
| Anaphase I | centromeres pulled to poles one member to each pole |
| Telophase I | one of each pair is at each pole |
| Prophase II | spindle forms, centrioles move to poles |
| Metaphase II | chromosomes line up at equator |
| Anaphase II | centromeres divide |
| Telophase II | chromatids at each pole, new nuclear membrane forms |
| Spermatogenesis | four cells produced develop into sperm |
| Oogenesis | four cells produced only one becomes functional egg |
| Mitosis | Two daughter cells with exact same genetic material. Cellular division for growth, maintenance and repair |
| Meiosis | Four daughter cells with half the genetic material. Cellular division for reproduction |
Combine with other sets
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