World War 2 Review Guide
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54 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Appeasement | Giving in to the demands of an aggressor to keep the peace |
| Iron Curtain | Soviet Union divided the continent of Eastern Europe |
| Cold War | State of tensions and hostilities among nations without armed conflict between major rivals |
| NATO | "North Atlantic Treaty Organization" A new military alliance formed by the US, Canada, and 9 other nations. (as tensions grew) |
| Truman Doctrine | 1) US would resist Soviet expansion in Europe or the world 2) The military and economic aid and advisers were sent to Greece & Turkey to help them withstand the threat |
| Warsaw Pact | Military alliance formed by the USSR and its 7 satellites in response to tensions |
| Genocide | Deliberate attempt to destroy an entire religious or ethnic group |
| Containment | Cold War policy of limiting communism to areas already under soviet rule |
| Soviet Union | Lost the most amount of people in the war |
| Austria | First country Hitler invaded |
| Poland | WWII began with the invasion |
| Dunkirk | British troops were trapped between advancing Nazis and the English Channel. All BOATS were sent to help British troops. The mission was dubbed. |
| El Alamein | Turning point- British general Montgomery finally stopped Rommel's advancement, pushing the axis power back across Libya and Tunisia |
| Operation Barbarossa | "The conquest of the Soviet Union" Hitler wanted raw materials throughout the USSR and in the Ural mountains (oil). Hitler also wanted to crush communism and defeat Stalin |
| Churchill | Warned that "They had to choose between was and dishonor, they chose dishonor, they will have war." |
| Francisco Franco | Nationalist general who created a Fascist dictatorship in Spain |
| Dwight Eisenhower | Supreme Allied commander in Europe |
| Haile Selassie | Ethiopian King who appealed to the league of nations for help |
| Erwin Rommel | Germany's Desert Fox |
| Harry Truman | President who issued a policy stating that Americans resist Soviet expansion |
| Neville Chamberlain | Signed the Munich Pact |
| Spanish Civil War | Guernica was a dress rehearsal for WW2 |
| D-Day | The date chosen by allies for the nation of France |
| Nuremberg Trials | Axis leaders were tried for crimes against humanity |
| Turning point in the Pacific / Why a turning point | Battle at Midway; The US was victorious at Midway Island in the Solomon Islands, after a serious of victories by Japan |
| How did war in Europe end? | On V-E Day at the Elbe River |
| Munich conference | British and French chose appeasement persuading Czechs to surrender Sudentenland |
| Battle of the Buldge | In Belgium, the last and best German Offense |
| Cold War rivals | The United States and the Soviet Union |
| Charles de Gaulle | Led a government in exile, which was set up by some French officers that escaped to Europe |
| Why were Japanese Americans interned in relocation camps? | Americans were scared that they were spies since the Japanese attacked their country |
| Berlin Airlift | The former capitol of Berlin was divided into 4 zones. Stalin sealed off every part of the city. Western powers, for over a year supplied around the clock airlift. Cargo planes supplied west Berliners with food & fuel; forcing soviets to end the blockade |
| Atlantic Charter | Roosevelt and Churchill met on a warship in the Atlantic and issued it, stating a set of goals for the "final destination of the Nazi tyranny" and for the postwar world |
| Why did Mussolini invade Ethiopia? | It was one of the only countries left independent and he didn't want to invade someone else's colony |
| What contributed to the Soviet victory at Stalingrad | The Germans were trapped without food or ammunition and with no hope of rescue |
| Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor? | b/c the US banned the sale of was materials to Japan |
| Where were atomic bombs dropped? | Hiroshima and Nagasaki |
| Why did Hitler sign the nonaggression pact with Stalin? | Hitler wanted a free hand in Poland and did not want to fight the western democracies & the Soviet Union at the same time |
| Marshall Plan | A massive aid package that the US offered to help strengthen democratic governments |
| Why did Hitler seize Austria? | Wanted to complete the Anschluss and unite all Germans |
| Main purpose of the United Nations: | Give great powers the authority to ensure the peace |
| Formed the Rome- Berlin- Tokyo Axis | Germany, Italy, and Japan |
| Phony War | During the first winter, French and British troops hunkered down behind the Maginot Line to wait |
| The German blitzkrieg was military strategy that depended on what advantage? | The German Luftwaffe |
| RAF stands for | Royal Air Force |
| Persuaded Congress to pass the Lend Lease Act | Roosevelt |
| Lend Lease Act | Allowed Roosevelt to sell or lend was materials to any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the US |
| the BIG THREE | Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin |
| As men joined the military, how did the war industries benefit women? | Provided millions of women with essential jobs |
| This battle was on of the costliest in the war | The Battle of Stalingrad |
| Name of the first 2 bombs dropped: | Fat man and Little boy |
| Five causes of WWII | 1) Treaty of Versailles: redrew boundaries and created weak countries 2) Diplomatic Factors: alliances formed, neutrality act, policy of appeasement (peace at any cost) 3) Economical and Political: Great depression, League of Nations weak, Hitler seen as a defense against communism 4) Hitler's Leadership: nonaggression pact with Soviet Union, practice territorial aggression, promoted extreme nationalism, encouraged anti-semiotic scapegoating, mobilization tension |
| How were El Alamein and Stalingrad turning points? | El Alamein: In Egypt, British General Bernard Montgomery stopped Rommel's advancement, sets up the Allied invasion of Italy and allows them to defeat them in about a month Stalingrad: Soviets finally defeat Germans and push them out of their country, sets up Soviet Union invasion of Germany |
| 3 reasons why Truman dropped the atomic bombs | 1) He was convinced Japan wouldn't surrender and there would be heavy losses on both sides 2) To impress the USSR 3) To see what it could do |
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