| Term | Definition |
|---|
| exegesis | scholarly explanation or interpretation |
| hermeneutics | the art of analyzing literary texts or human experience, understood as fundamentally ambiguous, by interpreting levels of meaning. |
| shibboleth | a manner of speaking that is distinctive of a particular group of people |
| desideratum | something that is wished for, or considered desirable |
| ceteris paribus | all other things held constant |
| nomological | relating to or expressing the general physical and logical laws |
| nomothetic | relating to the study or discovery of general scientific laws |
| idiographic | relating to or involving the study of individuals |
| fissiparous | tending to break up into parts or break away from a main body; factious, separatist |
| cliometric | the application of methods developed in other fields (as economics, statistics, and data processing) to the study of history |
| epistemology | the study or a theory of the nature and grounds of knowledge especially with reference to its limits and validity |
| ontology | the philosophical study of the nature of being, existence or reality in general, as well as of the basic categories of being and their relations |
| a priori | involving deductive reasoning from a general principle to a necessary effect; not supported by fact |
| prima facie | before investigation (at first appearance) |
| modus tollens | (Latin for denial mode.) An inference rule that states that if B is false and A implies B, then A is also false. |
| fallibilism | the doctrine due to Peirce , that it is not necessary that beliefs be certain, or grounded on certainty. |
| sacerdotal | associated with the priesthood or priests |
| seigneurial | associated with a feudal lord: a man of rank in the ancient regime |
| subaltern | inferior in rank or status |
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