| Term | Definition |
|---|
| T4 lymphocytes | HIV destroys _______ of the immune sytem |
| prevent phagocytosis | pathogens resist immune weapons of the host or... |
| Strep pneumoniae | secretes a capsule around itself to resist host phagocytosis |
| camouflage | pathogen covers itself with molecules similar to host |
| sialic acid | Escherichia coli covers itself with________, which is the same coating as on most mammalian cells |
| hiding | bacteria and protists can move to the interior of host cells to escape circulating antibodies in the blood and body fluids |
| bacterial PODS | E. coli can travel as group and hide out inside pods bladder cells possibly evading immune system |
| distraction | pathogen (Neisseriae gonorrheae) constantly changes its anitgenic surface to allude human bodies' defenses |
| inhibits its own synthesis | Epstein Barr virus hides from immune system by producing portein that _________ and thus minimizing amount of virus on cell surface |
| mimicry | pathogens imitates a natural ligand so host cell will take it up |
| rabies viruses | binds receptor for acetylcholine as an example of mimicry |
| nutritional deficiency | lack of vitamin or mineral |
| congenital | disease not inherited, but present at birth due to environmental damage during fetal develpment |
| degenerative | loss of function due to aging; ex. loss of immunities |
| benign | cells mitose rapidly for a brief time, stop, and no cells shed or move from original site |
| malignant | cells mistose indefinitely, often shed from original site and migrate to new sites in the body |
| neoplasic | disease characterized by new growth |
| immunologic | disease characterized by allergies, autoimmunity (allergic to oneself); immune deficiencies (cannot make certain cells or molecules of the immune system) |
| iatrogenic | disease caused by medical procedure/ incorrect medication |
| nosocomial | disease acquired in hospital |
| psychogenic | disease where mental state affects the illness-shingles, eczema, asthma. etc |
| idiopathic | disease whose cause is undetermined; spontaneous |
| mass sociogenic | disease that captures severity of illness |
| mass sociogenic | dancing mania of middle ages is an example of ___________ case, where disease spread to population |
| predisposing factors | those which make the body more susceptible to disease (ex. women are more susceptible to scarlet and typhoid fever) |
| exogenous | disease enter body through portal of entry (from outside) |
| endogenous | disease caused by a microorganism already in the body |
| contamination | mere presence of infectious material-not necessarily causing infection |
| communicable | disease acquired by person who's healthy |
| resident population | normal inhabitants of the gut, skin, mucous membranes whose special mechanisms prevent the body from recognizing them as foreign |
| virulence | ability of microbe to overcome host defenses; depend on enzymes and toxins to invade |
| number of invading microbes | how serious and how long infection lasts depends on _____ where the latter has to be a lower threshold to overcome host R' |
| orally | typhoid bacilli enter____ and cause typhoid fever |
| staphylocci and fungi | penetrate hair follicles and cause disease in the deeper tissues of the skin |
| respiratory apparatus | Mycobacterium tuberculosis, influenza virus, smallpox, etc enter through this portal |
| digestive tract and respiratory apparatus | most pathogens enter the human through _____ and _____ |
| entry | placenta and genitourinary tract are portals of ____ |
| exit | blood, mucus, saliva, semen, urine and feces are all portals of _____ |
| localized infection | microbes stay in a particular spot (ex. boils, and abscesses) |
| generalized infection | microbes are spread by the bloodstream or the lymphatic vessels |
| focal infection | infection stay in one place for a week or so and then spreads to other parts of the boy |
| acute infection | symptoms manifest themselves in a short itme and the immune system of the host responds |
| mixed infection | more than one microbe causes the pathology |
| Strep pneumonia | measles or influenza are not lethal but weaken the host so a ______ follows |
| inoculation infection | infection due to accidental or surgical penetration of the skin and mucous membranes |
| bacteremia | infection where bacteria enter the blood but do not multiply |
| pyemia infection | pyogenic bacteria (pus formers) in blood are spread to different parts of the body |
| emia | =blood |
| toxemia | infection where toxins, liberated by bacteria, enter the blood and cause disease |
| sapremia | infection where sprophytic bacteria grow on dead tissue |
| terminal infection | patient with a chronic wasting disease like cancer, dies from the immediate effects of a bacterium |
| horizontal and vertical spreads | two types infection can spread |
| direct and indirect contacts | two types of horizontal spread of infection |
| fomites | any inanimate object such as handkerchiefs, towels, money, riding the T |
| typhus fever | bite of lice |
| Bubonic disease | bite of fleas |
| vertical spread | transmission of infectious microbes such as T. pallidum and N. gonorrheae from placenta to offspring |
| vertical | child born with congenital disease is an example of ___spread |
| convalescent carriers | ones who retain the microbes for some days after illness; getting much better but you're more contagious |
| active carriers | carry the microbes long after the disease symptoms are gone; 2% of the world's population |
| passive carriers | never had the disease but carry the microbes and infect others |
| zoonose | disease transmitted from an infected animal to human |
| zoonose | cat scratch fever, salmonellosis, tuberculosis, hepatitis are examples of |
| incubation | period of time between the microbes entering your body and when the symptoms manifest themselves |
| prodomal symptoms | a short time +/- just an hour or two and is often accompanied with "something is wrong and I don't feel quite right" and/or with malaise or headache |
| invasion | period when disease manifests itself. microbes are multiplying rapidly |
| fastigium | the acme of the disease. it can get no worse. either you live or die |
| defervescence | period when disease declines or conversely health improves. fever lowers; sweating occurs |
Combine with other sets
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