| Term | Definition |
| Handle | Shaft, designed with a rough or smooth surface for holding the instrument. |
| Shank | Neck, can be straight or angled to provide acess to the cavity prep |
| Blade | Nib, cutting surface of the instrument |
| Who invented the Three and Four Number Formula | G.V. Black |
| Chisel | Used to cut caries with a pushing motion |
| Hatchet | Designed to make grooves in the wall of the cavity prep for retention |
| Gingival Margin Trimmer | Designed to prep the gingival margin of the mesial and distal side of the tooth. |
| Excavators | Designed to cut and remove carious dentin |
| Hoes | Designed to help form the cavity prep by smoothing and finishing with a pulling motion |
| Angle formers | Used on anterior teeth to help form the walls of the cavity prep |
| Plastic Instrument | Designed to place and shape composite |
| Condenser | Designed to pack amalgam into the cavity prep |
| Carvers | Discoid-Cleoid and Hollenback are used to create tooth anatomy on a restoration |
| Burnishers | Ball,T-Ball,Football,Beavertail and Acorn |
| Burnishers are used for | Smoothing amalgam |
| Basic setup | Mouth Mirror,Explorer and Cotton Pliers |
| Perio Probe | Used for measuring bone loss in the sulcus and pocket depth |