The nervous tissue - Synapses
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Created by:
AfroJayThunder Plus on May 21, 2012
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 synaptic junctions | axodendritic - between axon and dendrite axosomatic - between axon and soma axoaxonic - between axon and axon |
| Synaptic transmission | 1. action potential arrives at presynaptic part 2. Voltage-gated calcium channels open 3. increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concetration triggers massive exocytosis of synaptic vesicles 4. neurotransmitters diffuse over cleft and bind to postsynaptic reseptors 5. ion channels open in postsynaptic membrane |
| exocytosis - presynaptic membrane | fusion proteins from SNARE family: syntaxin and SNAP-25 |
| exocytosis - vesicle membrane -Proteins linking vesicles to actin filaments and facilitate their agression | synapsins and rab3 |
| exocytosis - vesicle membrane - proteins docking vesicles to presynaptic membrane | synaptophysin, synaptotagmin |
| exocytosis - vesicle membrane - Fusion proteins from SNARE family | synaptobrevin |
| Excitatory synapse | cationic (Na+) channels open Postsynaptic membrane depolarization |
| Inhibitory synapse | anionic (CL-) channels open postsynaptic membrane hyperpolarization |
| Ionotrpic synapse | receptors are neurotransmitter-gated ion channels Immediate response |
| Metabotropic synapse | Receptors initiate a cascade of metabolic reactions in the postsynaptic cell, ultimatly leading to opening of ion channels slightly delayed response |
| acetylcholine | ionetropic, metabotropic excitatory |
| noradrenaline | metabtropic excitatory |
| dopamine | metabotropic inhibitory |
| serotonin | metabotropic, ionetropic excitatory |
| gamma-aminobutyric | ionotropic, metabotropic inhibitory |
| acid (GABA) | ionetropic inhibotory |
| glycine | ionetropic inhibitory |
| glutamate | ionotropic, metabotropic excitatory |
| opiods (endorphins, enkepalins) | metabotropic inhibitory |
| others (CGRP, VIP, substance P) | metabotropic varius |
| ATP, GTP | ionotropic, metabotropic excitatory |
| Nitric oxide | metabotropic inhibitory |
| CC - Deficiency of Dopamine | results in progressive neurological disorder, Parkinsons disease |
| Electrical synpases | very rare in mammals are gap junctions between cells and directly transmit depolarization from pre to postsynaptic membrane. avoids the 0.5 m/s delay in chemical synapses |
| Great postsynaptic potential | if large enough, it triggers teh action potential in the inital segment of the axon |
| Nerve terminals are not present in | smooth muscle and glandular cells signals are transmittet in a paracrine fashion, and neurotransmitters diffuse trough teh extracellular substance |
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