| Term | Definition |
|---|
| the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina | accommodation |
| the sharpness of vision | acuity |
| the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye. | blind Spot |
| perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object | color constancy |
| increased sensitivity of the eye in semidarkness following an abrupt reduction in overall illumination. | dark adaptation |
| a form of energy including electricity, radio waves, and X rays, of which visible light is a part. | electromagnetic radiation |
| a condition in which faraway objects are seen more clearly than near objects because the image of near objects is focused behind the retina. | farsightedness |
| nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement. | feature detectors |
| the central spot of the retina, which contains the greatest concentration of cones. | fovea |
| the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue, green, and so forth. | hue |
| the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave’s amplitude. | intensity |
| a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening. | iris |
| the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina. | lens |
| regaining sensitivity of the eye to bright light following an abrupt increase in overall illumination. | light adaptation |
| eight visual cues that can be seen with one eye and that allow us to perceive depth. | monocular cues |
| a condition in which nearby objects are seen more clearly than distant objects because distant objects focus in front of the retina. | nearsightedness |
| the theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision. For example, some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green. | opponent-process theory |
| the area in the brain where the optic nerves cross. | optic chiasm |
| the nerve that carries neural messages about vision to the brain. | optic nerve |
| the processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain’s natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. | parallel processing |
| the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters. | pupil |
| the area at the back of the eye on which images are formed and that contains the rods and cones. | retina |
| the 125 million cells located outside the center of the retina that transduce light waves into neural impulses, thereby coding information about light and dark. | rods |
| conversion of stimulus energy(sights, sounds, and smells) to neural message(Impulse). | transduction |
| the theory that the retina contains three different color receptors - one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue - which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color. | trichromatic theory |
| the frequency of light waves, which determines the color we see. | wavelength |
| the theory that the retina contains three different color receptors - one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue - which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color. | Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory |
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