Vocabulary for Chapters 10-12
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Created by:
smoshyswag on May 21, 2012
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It's for my final exam in Chemistry
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Volatile liquids | liquids that evaporate readily |
| Boiling Point | the temperature at which a liquid boils at sea level |
| Boiling | the conversion of a liquid to a vapor within the liquid as well as its surface |
| Molar enthalpy of vaporization | the amount of energy as heat that is needed to vaporize one mole of liquid's boiling point at a constant pressure |
| Freezing point | the temperature at which a solid and a liquid are in equilibrium at 1 atm |
| Molar Enthalpy of fusion | the amount of energy as heat required to change 1 mol of a substance from solid to liquid at constant temperature and pressure |
| Critical pressure | the lowest pressure at which a substance can exist as a liquid at the critical temperature |
| Critical Temperature | the temperature above which a substance cannot exist in the liquid state |
| Sublimation | (psychology) modifying the natural expression of an impulse or instinct (especially a sexual one) to one that is socially acceptable |
| Triple Point | the temperature and pressure conditions at which the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of a substance coexist at equilibrium |
| Phase Diagram | a graph of the relationship between the physical state of a substance and the temperature and pressure of the substance |
| Deposition | the change of state from a gas directly to a solid |
| Pressure | the force applied to a unit area of surface |
| Newton | a unit of force equal to the force that imparts an acceleration of 1 m/sec/sec to a mass of 1 kilogram |
| Combined gas law | P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2, the relationship between the pressure, volume, and temperature of a fixed amount of gas |
| Absolute zero | (cryogenics) the lowest temperature theoretically attainable (at which the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules is minimal) |
| Dalton's law of partial pressures | states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures of all the gases in the mixture |
| Partial pressure | the pressure of each gas in a mixture |
| Pascal | a unit of pressure equal to one newton per square meter |
| Atmosphere of pressure | the pressure of Earth's atmosphere at sea level; exactly equivalent to 760 mm Hg |
| Millimeters of mercury | a unit of pressure, mm Hg |
| Barometer | an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure |
| soluble | (of a substance) capable of being dissolved in some solvent (usually water) |
| solution solvent solute | a method for solving a problem, a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem, the dissolved substance in a solution |
| suspension | the act of suspending something (hanging it from above so it moves freely) |
| colloid | a mixture with properties between those of a solution and fine suspension |
| electrolyte nonelectrolyte | a solution that conducts electricity, a solution that does not conduct electricity |
| solution equilibrium | the physical state in which the opposing processes of dissolution and crystallization of a solute occur at equal rates |
| saturated solution unsaturated solution supersaturated solution | a solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions, a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution, a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same condition |
| solubility | the ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure |
| hydration | the process of combining with water |
| immiscible miscible | liquids that are not soluble in each other, liquids that are soluble with each other |
| Henry's Law | the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid |
| effervescence | the rapid escape of a gas from a liquid in which it is dissolved |
| solvated, enthalpy of solution | a solute particle that is surrounded by solvent molecules, the net amount of energy absorbed as heat by a solution |
| concentration molarity molality | the strength of a solution, the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution, the concentration of a solution expressed in moles |
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