| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Cabinet | a group of advisers to the president. these people were chosen to manage various departments and offices; a bureaucracy who handled different responsibilities. |
| Bill of Rights | one for the most important acts on congress was to issue this bill of rights. during the campaign to ratify the constitution, federalists promised to add this bill. james mason hoped that it would demonstrate the good faith of federal leaders and built support for a new government. 10 constitutional amendments were approved. |
| Tariff of 1789 | this law required importers to pay a percentage of the value of their cargo when they landed it in the United States. Shippers also had to pay tonnage--a tax based on how much their ships carried. this angered many southern farmers. the high tonnage rates meant they would be charged higher rates to ship their rice and tobacco to Europe. |
| Whiskey Rebellion | stated when Congress imposed a tax on the manufacture of whiskey. in western Pennsylvania, farmers terrorized tax collectors, stopped court proceedings, robbed the mail, and destroyed the whiskey-making stills of those who paid the tax. Washington sent a huge troop of soldiers to put it down, and in doing so worried many people. |
| Pinckney's Rebellion | a rebellion caused by Pinckney's treaty. This treaty concerned naval vessels. |
| Treaty of Greenville | this treaty between the Americans and the Native Americans. In exchange for some goods, the Indians gave the United States territory in Ohio. Anthony Wayne was the American representative. |
| XYZ Affair | when 3 agents representign the French minister of foreign affairs approached the Americans. They asked for a bribe of $250000 just to initiate talks, and they also sought an American loan of $12 million. When president John Adams informed Congress of the incident, he referred to the French agents as X, Y, and Z, inspiring newspapers to refer to the incident as the XYZ Affair. |
| Quasi-War | After the French tried to bribe Americans, Americans were really angry! Congress suspended trade with Franch and directed the navy to capture armed French ships. The two nations were soon fighting an undeclared war at sea, called the Quasi-War. |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | three laws were aimed at aliens. one said they much wait 14 years after becoming a citizen to vote, the next two gave the president to deport without trial any alien deemed dangerous to the United States. the fourth law was aimed at sedition, or incitement to rebellion. |
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | resolutions criticizing the Alien and Sedition Acts. Both resolutions argued that since the states had created the Constitution, they could declare federal laws unconstitutional. |
| Midnight Judges | Before their term ended, the Federalist majority in Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1801. This act created 16 new federal judges. these judges were named midnight judges because Adams supposedly signed appointments until midnight on his last day in office. |
| Louisiana Purchase | The United States bought Luisianna and took its French debts away too, resulting in a cost about $15 million. The Senate overwhelmingly ratified this purchase. as a result, the United States more than doubled. |
| Lewis and Clark Expedition | a.k.a "the Corps of Discovery". it greatly increased American knowledge of the Louisianna Territory and also gave United States a claim to the Oregon territory along the coast. goal was to trace the Missouri River and find a rout to the Pacific Ocean. |
| Essex Junto | In Massachusetts, a small group of Federalists known as the the Essex Junto drafted a plan to take New England out of the Union. |
| Embargo Act | halting all trade between the United States and Europe. Jefferson did not want to entangle the united States in the affairs of Europe, so instead he asked for this act to be passed. |
| Non-intercourse Act | Madison, to avoid war, asked Congress to pass this act. This act forbade trade with France and Britain while authorizing the president to reopen trade with whichever country removed its trade restrictions first. |
| Macon's Bill No. 2 | created so that France and England would stop seizing American vessels legally. |
| Hartford Convention | this Convention was called for several constitutional amendments to increase the region's political power. started becasue Federalist wanted to do things independent from the United States and the Essex Junto wanted New England to secede and modern delegates refused to support such extreme actions. |
| Battle of New Orleans | made Andrew Jackson a national hero. It also helped to destroy the federalist party. a response to the hartdford convention of the federalists. |
| Treaty of Ghent | ended the War of 1812 . the treaty restored prewer boundaries but did not mention neutral rights or impressment, and no territory changed hands. |
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