Science Exam
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58 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Speed formula | distance = speed x time |
| Slope formula | rise/run |
| Acceleration formula | final speed - initial speed / time |
| Average speed formula | total distance / total time |
| Momentum formula | mass x velocity |
| Work formula | force x distance |
| Energy formula | power x time |
| Power formula | work / time |
| Gravitational potential energy formula | weight x height |
| Mechanical Advantage formula | output force / input force |
| Motion | changing position relative to a reference point. |
| Reference point | place or object used to determine of an object is in motion. (tree, building...) |
| SI unit for distance | meter |
| SI unit for volume | liter |
| SI unit for time | seconds |
| SI unit for mass | kilogram |
| Velocity | speed in a given direction |
| Slope | the steepness of a line |
| Acceleration | the rate at which velocity changes |
| 3 ways to accelerate | increase speed, decrease speed, change direction |
| Force | a push or a pull |
| What is force measured in? | Newtons (N) |
| Balanced forces | no motion |
| Unbalanced forces | motion is observed |
| Friction | the force that two objects exert on each other when they rub against each other |
| Fluid friction | friction that occurs as an object moves through liquid |
| Sliding friction | friction that occurs when one solid slides over another |
| Static friction | friction that occurs between two objects that are not moving |
| Rolling friction | friction that occurs when an object rolls on a surface |
| Gravity | the attractive force between objects; the force that moves objects downhill. |
| What two factors affect gravity? | mass and distance |
| Weight | measure of gravitational pull |
| Mass | amount of material in an object |
| Newtons first law | also known as the law of inertia. Tenancy to keep doing what it's doing. Whatever is in motion stays in motion and whatever is still stays still unless acted upon by an outside force. |
| Newtons second law | force = mass x acceleration |
| Newtons third law | for every action, there is an equal opposite reaction. (Ex. balloon) |
| Momentum | characteristic of moving objects. The product of an object's mass and velocity. |
| Law of conservation of momentum | the rule that in the absence of outside forces that total momentum of objects that interact does not change. |
| Six simple machines | incline plane, screw, wedge, lever, pulley and wheel and axle. |
| IMA of incline plane | length of plane/width of plane |
| IMA of screw | length of threads/length of screw |
| IMA of wedge | length/height |
| IMA of pulley | number of strings supporting the object |
| IMA of wheel and axle | radius of wheel/radius of axle |
| What does one NM (newton meter) equal? | one joule |
| What does one JS (joule second) equal? | one watt |
| Kinetic Energy | energy that an object has due to its motion |
| Potential Energy | the energy an object has because of it's position; also the stored internal energy of an object, such as energy stored in chemical bonds. |
| Energy | the ability to do work |
| Mechanical Energy | add potential and kinetic energy together |
| Heat travels from: | hotter to colder |
| Temperature | a measure of how hot or cold something is with respect to a reference point |
| Heat | the transfer of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object |
| Thermal energy | measure of particles in an object |
| Three ways that heat transfers | convection, conduction and radiation |
| Conduction | direct |
| Convection | currents |
| Radiation | can go through anything |
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