American Government Plus
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Created by:
lrmcket on May 22, 2012
Classes:
The Warriors of 2015, History 2015, Social Studies Homework, Classy Brutha
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86 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 federalism | division of power among governments within a nation |
| preemption | federal law supersedes or overrides a similar state law |
| federal grants | monies the central government gives to state or local governments for some designated purpose |
| Karl Marx | formulated the basic ideas of Communism |
| Mayflower Compact | forerunner to the written constitiution |
| Marbury v. Madison | asserted the right of judicial review |
| bill of rights | a statement of an individual citizen's legal privileges |
| denial of materialism | Does not pertain to Communism |
| Mandates | rules which govern the use of money granted to the states by the national government |
| lobbyist | a special interest group |
| conscription | able-bodied men must join a branch of the nation's armed forces for an established time period |
| 19th Amendment | grants women the right to vote |
| 16th Amendment | provided for a federal income tax |
| 8th Amendment | You can't do that, cruel and unusual punishment is against the law |
| county | in most states, the largest unit of local government |
| Baker v. Carr | this case opened the door for federal court regulation of state apportionment |
| Australian ballot | secret ballot |
| apportionment | proportional distribution of congressional seats among the states |
| parishes | another name for counties in Louisiana |
| initiative | process by voters to propose an amendment to a state constitution |
| 2nd Amendment | guarantees the right to bear arms |
| democracy | "the people rule" |
| absolute monarchy | thr ruler exercies unlimited authority and usually inherits his position |
| Articles of Confederation | America's first national constitution |
| George Washington | presided as chair of the Constitutional Convention |
| president pro tempore | when the Vice President is absent from the Senate I'm in charge |
| Magna Carta | placed the king under the law for the first time in English history |
| Proverbs 14:34 | Righteousness exalteth a nation |
| Joshua 1:8 | Promises success and prosperity to the person who meditates and obey God's Word |
| caucus | a private meeting to decide policy or choose candidates |
| bureaucracy | a large complex organization made up of appointed officials |
| precinct | local voting district also serves as the basic unit of American political party organization |
| closed primary | a type of primary election where one can only vote for a person in the party for which they are registered |
| board of commissioners | the most common type of county board |
| Roe v. Wade | a demonstration of the Supreme Court exercising judicial activisim |
| judicial restraint | Supreme Court works within the confines of the Constitution |
| judicial activism | Supreme Court works outside of the confines of the Constitution and interpret in the way the justices want to see things done |
| totalitarian dictatorship | ruler maintains absolute control through coercion and subjection of the individual to the state |
| Thomas Jefferson | responsible for the final draft of the Declaration of Independence |
| Gouverneur Morris | wrote the final draft of the US Constitution |
| William Pitt the Elder/Edmund Burke | members of Parliament who supported Amerian colonists |
| Francis Scott Key | "Star-Spangled Banner" |
| Francis Bellamy | Pledge of Allegiance |
| Daniel "Chappie" James | 1st black American to become a 4-star general |
| naturalization | one changes citizenship from one country to another |
| heritage | traditons passed down by ancestors |
| plurality | less than the majority, yet a high number of votes |
| Charles Shuman | believes the price of socialism is freedom |
| referendum | voters during an election approve or reject a proposed amendment |
| federalists | supporters of the Constitution |
| expressed powers | powers given to Congress and spelled out in the constitution |
| "necessary and proper clause" | gives Congress the authority to exercise expressed and implied powers |
| militia | armed citizenry |
| bill | a proposed new law |
| veto | rejection of a bill |
| item veto | rejection of part of a bill |
| patriotism | a love for one's country and loyalty to that same country |
| capital punishment | first foundational civil ordinance |
| executive orders | commands by the president which have the same force as the law |
| chief of staff | brings order and discipline to the running of the White House staff |
| judicial review | the right of the court to declare a law or action unconstitutional |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | Supreme Court ruling which gave a broader interpretation of Congress' power to regulate commerce |
| state supreme court | within a state, generally the court of last resort |
| MucCulloch v. Maryland | established the doctrine of implied powers |
| lieutenant governor | this position is comparable to that of Vice President |
| amicus curiae | a bried filed by by persons with an interest in the outcome even though they are not directly involved |
| Earl Warren | Chief Justice who adopted the judicial activism philosophy |
| Marbury v. Madison | asserted the right of judicial review |
| John Marshall | Chief Justice who ruled in the Marbury v Madison case asserting the right of judicial review |
| James Madison | "Father of the Constitution" |
| Henry II | laid the foundation for the right to a trial by jury |
| confederacy | local government possess all power and delegate select powers to the national government |
| town meeting | a unique feature of traditional town government in New England |
| English Bill of Rights | limited the power of the English monarch after 1689 |
| property tax | chief source of income for local governments |
| mayor-council | oldest most widely used form of city government |
| citizenship | full membership and participation in its political and social institutions |
| sales tax | single most important source of revenue for state governments |
| equator | imaginary line that runs around the earth halfway between the north and sout poles |
| valley | low places between mountains and hills |
| geography | the study of the earth and all its fullness |
| place | has distinguishing characteristics from other points on |
| Article III | established the judicial branch |
| Article V | notes the process for amending the Constitution |
| Article VI | says the Constitution is the "supreme law of the land |
| precedents | prior cases whose principles are used by judges as the bases for their decisions in present cases |
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