A History of Western Society Chapter 13
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Created by:
clarkreimers on May 22, 2012
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Description:
European Society in the Age of the Rennaissance
Classes:
AP Euro: A History Of Western Society
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Rennaissance | Term used by scholars to describe the cultural acheivements of the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries |
| Communes | Sworn associations of free men seeking political and economic indipendence from local nobles. the merchant guilds that formed the communes built and maintained city walls, regulated trade, raised taxes, and kept civil order. |
| Popolo | italian underclass; a new force that disenfranchised and heavily taxed the people bitterly for being excluded from holding power. They used armed force and violence to take over the government. (p.416-417) |
| Signori | Despots or one man rulers. ( A ruler or other person who holds absolute power, typically exercising it cruelly). |
| Oligarchies | rule of merchant aristocracies, controlled much of Italy by 1300 |
| Princely courts | the place or space where despots or oligarchs lived, conducted business, and displayed their wealth and patronage of the arts. |
| Individualism | the quality of being individual |
| Humanism | the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason |
| Secularism | a doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations |
| The Prince | A short political treatise about political power how the ruler should gain, maintain, and increase it. Machiavelli explores the problems of human nature and concludes that human beings are selfish and out to advance their own interests |
| Gabelle | a salt tax in France. This is an example of one of the ways monarchs could raise money by levying taxes on basic food and clothing |
| Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges | King Charles VII of France put this in place in 1438. It established French control over the papacy by allowing the King to appoint his own French bishops and to retain ecclesiastical revenues. This caused conflict between the popes and French kings that was unresolved until the Concordat of Bologna in 1516. |
| Court of Star Chamber | Established by Henry VII, it enforced torture to be used to force nobles to confess for something. |
| Justices of the Peace | unpaid local officials, who handled all the work of local government |
| Hermandades | a medieval institution restored by Ferdinand and Isabella., Hermandades or "brotherhoods" were popular groups in the town. They were given authority to act as both local police forces and as a judicial panel. (p.443) |
| New Christians | term given to the jewish population forced by the Spaniards to convert, they were also called conversos, Maranos |
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