Chemistry Test- Atoms, Ions, Isotopes
About this set
Created by:
jaimeleighhhh on October 4, 2009
Description:
A test about Ions, Atoms, Isotopes, and Radioactive Decay
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Lavosier | Created the Law of Conservation of Matter |
| Dalton | Created the Atomic Theory of Matter |
| Democritus | Came up with the idea of Atoms. |
| Joseph Provst | Created Law of Constant Composition |
| Ben Franklin | Opposite charges, positive and negative. |
| JJ Thompson | Plum Pudding model. Positively charged goo with negative chunks randomly scattered. |
| Earnest Rutherford | Devised the "Gold Foil Experiment" to confirm PP Model |
| Nucleus | Positively charged, composed of protons |
| Neutrons | Have no charge, exert a "strong nuclear force" |
| Electrons | Orbit the nucleus, negatively charged |
| What do protons identify? | An element |
| Changing protons results in | Nuclear decay |
| When you change the number of electrons an atom becomes an | ion |
| Atoms | No charge, the smallest particle of an element that behaves like that element. Cannot be chemically or physically divided. |
| Cations | Positive charge, results from losing electrons |
| Anions | Negative charge, results from gaining an electron |
| Isotopes | Atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons |
| Chemically, stable Isotopes behave | Identically |
| Why do we ignore electrons when accounting for atomic mass? | Because they weigh so little |
| Number of protons: 1/Number of Neutrons required for Stability: | None |
| Number of protons: 2-19/Number of Neutrons required for stability: | Equal number of neutrons and protons |
| Number of protons: 20-83/Number of Neutrons required for stability: | More neutrons than protons |
| Number of protons: 84+/Number of Neutrons required for stability: | Never stable. |
| Radiation | The emission of something |
| Nuclear Radiation | Emission of nuclear particles (protons, neutrons...) |
| Decay | one nucleus breaking down into multiple nuclei |
| Alpha | an alpha particle is a helium nucleus (2 protons + 2 neutrons) least dangerous |
| Beta | a single neutron breaks into 1 proton and electron. Proton is absorbed by the parent nucleus, the electron is emitted at high speed. |
| Gamma | Pure high energy |
| Half lives | The amount of time required for half of a sample to undergo decay |
| Nuclear Fusion | two atoms are bombarded to form a larger nucleus. (often unstable). |
| Nuclear Fission | a nucleus will break apart into two larger other chunks (two separate nucleii) |
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