Chapter 12
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Created by:
sydneysarina on May 22, 2012
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Vocabulary
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 transformation | process in which one strain of bacteria is changes by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria |
| bacteriophage | a virus that infects bacteria |
| nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| base pairing | principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine |
| chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins |
| histone | globular protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin |
| replication | copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA |
| messenger RNA | RNA molecule that carries copies of instruction for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell |
| ribosomal RNA | type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes |
| transfer RNA | type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis |
| transcription | process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence of RNA |
| RNA polymerase | enzyme similar to DNA polymerase, that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during replication |
| codon | three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid |
| translation | decoding of mRNA message into a polypeptide chain |
| anticodon | group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon |
| mutation | change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information |
| point mutation | mutation that affects a single nucleotide, usually by substituting one nucleotide for another |
| frameshift mutation | mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide |
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