1.
1 other word for inferior: - caudal (horse tail at end of spine)
2.
1 other word for posterior: - dorsal
3.
2 cartilaginous joint examples: - synchrondosis (epipyseal cart plate)
- symphysis (symphysis pubis)
4.
2 examples of holes areas bone markings: - foramen
- canal
5.
2 examples of sharp elevation bone markings: - spine (ex ASIS)
- process (acromion proc of scap)
6.
2 fibrous joint examples: - sutures of the skull
- sydesmosis (interosseous membrane)
7.
2 other words for anterior: - ventral
- palmar
8.
2 other words for superior: - cephalic (meaning head)
- cranial
9.
3 examples of articular area bone markings: - facet
- head
- condyle
10.
3 examples of bone elevation markings: - line
- ridge
- crest
11.
3 examples of depression area bone markings: - fossa (eg glenoid fossa)
- groove (intertubular grove)
- notch (scapular notch)
12.
3 types of joints: - fibrous
- cartilaginous
- synovial
13.
4 functional types or categories of skeletal muscle group actions: - agonist
- antagonist
- synergist
- fixator
14.
4 planes of the body: 
- median/midsagittal
- sagittal and parasagittal
- coronal (frontal)
- horizontal (transverse)
------ sagital, frontal, transverse ------
15.
5 common types of bone markings: - linear elevations
- rounded elevations
- sharp elevations
- articular areas
- depressions
- holes
16.
5 examples of rounded elevation bone markings: - tubercule (small)
- protuberance
- trochanter (large and blunt)
- tuberosity (large)
- malleolus
17.
6 types of synovial joints: - plane
- hinge
- pivot
- condyloid
- saddle
- ball and socket
18.
7 sections of the body: - axial skeleton
- appendicular skeleton
- upper limb
- lower limb
- longitudinal (axis up/down)
- transverse (cross sections)
- oblique (and cross section that isnt perp to intersecting planes)
19.
AB and AD - Duction def: - carrying limbs away or towards the median/sag plane in the frontal plane
- movement occuring in the frontal plane
- ab = away from mid-line
- ad = toward the mid-line
20.
ab and ad-duction movement occurs in what plane: - frontal plane
21.
abduction of the fingers: 
- reference point is not the body but the 3rd metacarpal (middle finger)
22.
agonist vs antagonist: 
- agonist = the prime mover (is contracting)
- antagonist = other side (that this stretching - returns muscle to original form)
23.
anatomical position image: 
- this at all joints = 0 deg except for the forearm (which is supinated)
24.
ankle sprain info: - 90% of sprains are due to inversion injuries
25.
ball and socket joint: - synovial
- moves in all directions
- hip and glenohumeral joints = examples
26.
circumduction: 
- a combo of flexion/ext, and ab/ad-duction that results in circular movement of a limb (appendicular)
27.
CMC joint: - carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
- saddle joint (synovial)
- can move side to side and front to back but can circumduct
28.
common abbreviations (4): - a or aa = artery or arteries
- v or vv = vein or veins
- m or mm = muscle or muscles
- n or nn = nerve or nerves
29.
condyloid joint info: 
- synovial
- permits circumduction
- example metacarpophalangeal joint (knuckle location)
30.
contralateral def and example: - on the opposite side to another structure
- the left arm is contralateral to the right arm, or the right leg
31.
coronal plane aka: - frontal
32.
cutaneous nerves and BVs: - these are nerves and BVs that supply the skin
33.
elevation vs depression def: - elevation - up (scapula is elevated)
- depression - down (scapula down)
34.
eversion vs inversion of the foot: 
- inversion rotates in at the ankle
35.
example of an muscle doing the reverse of the origin v insertion rule: - the glut med during ipsilateral weightbearing movement
- or the brachialis during a chinup
36.
example of something in the sag plane: 
- sagital suture and anterior fonticulus (ie fontanelle) create an arrow
37.
fixator muscle(s): - muscles that stabilize a joint supporting the prime mover/agonist when it contracts
- def 2 = muscle that acts as a stabilizer of one part of the body during movement of another part.
38.
flexion and extension def: - ROTATIONAL movement in the SAG plane that brings ventral surfaces towards one another
- exception = flexion of the knee
- flexion = a decrease in angle from anatomical
- extension = an increase in angle from anatomical
39.
flexion and extension movement occur in what plane: - sagittal
40.
flexion and extension of the thumb: 
41.
frontal plane seperates: - front from back
42.
hinge joint info: - synovial
- ex) elbow -> 1 rot deg of freedom
43.
horizontal plane aka: - transverse
44.
ipsilaterial def and example: - on the same side as another structure
- the left arm is ipsilateral to the left leg
45.
lateral v medial: 
46.
lumbar aponeurosis (image): 
- flattened sheet tendon
47.
MCP joint: - metacarpophalangeal joint (synovial)
48.
medial and lateral rotation occurs in what plane: - HORIZONTAL (transverse)
49.
medial rotation and lateral rotation: 
- medial rot = movement in a horizontal plane that carries an anterior reference point toward the midline
- opposite for lateral (ant ref point away from midline)
50.
median vs sagittal planes: 
- sagital = just 1 line from foot up
51.
midaxillary line (image): 
- armpit down the side
52.
neurovascular bundle def: - each nerve is bundled with a small artery and vein
53.
non-striated muscle: - smooth muscle is an involuntary non-striated muscle
54.
opposition vs reposition: 
- opposition - pinky and thumb touch
- reposition - bring it back to anatomical
55.
origin vs insertion for limb muscles: - aka appendicular muscles
- the origin is the proximal attachment
56.
our back inscisions sup spine lat to ______ and inf spine lat to ______: 
- superior spine from C7 to tip of acromion proc of scap
- inf spine (S) out along the iliac crest to the midaxillary line
57.
pivot joint info: 
- synovial
- ex) proximal radioulnar joint
58.
plane joint info: 
- synovial
- ex) facet joint
59.
protraction vs retraction of the mandible: 
60.
protraction vs retraction of the scapulas: 
- protraction = toward the midline/spine
- retraction = away from the/spine
61.
proximal v distal: 
62.
quadruped position info: - hands and feet rotated laterally
- hip flexion 90 deg
- arm (shoulder) flexion 90 deg
63.
saddle joint info: 
- synovial
- ex carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
64.
sagital plane seperates: - left from right
65.
striated muscle: - voluntary muscle
- fibers that are combined into parallel fibers
66.
superficial fascia (imge): 
- adipose first peeled back (back dissection)
67.
superficial vs deep: - super = near the surface
- deep = in further than that which is superficial
68.
supination vs pronation example: 
- of the forearm
- the forearm = supinated when in anatomical position
- when pronated radius crosses over ulna
69.
sydesmosis example: 
- this is the radioulnar syndesmosis
- kind of fibrous joint
- this is the interosseous membrane btwn radius and ulna (also found btwn tib-fib)
70.
symphysis = what type of joint and 3 examples: - cartilaginous
- pubic symphysis
- manubriosternal symp
- intervertebral symp
***these are all at the median plane of the torso***
71.
synergist example: 
- the brachialis muscle is an elbow flexor, but not the strongest; therefore it assists the biceps duting contraction
- the brachialis is a synergist muscle to the biceps
72.
synvial joint info: - these are cat by movements permitted or by shape
- movements permitted = uni, bi, or multiaxial
73.
tendon and aponeurosis does what: - connects muscle to bone
74.
the origin tends to be...: - considered the bone that moves less during contraction
- but many muscles dont adhere to this rule (ie work in reverse)
75.
thoracolumbar fascia: - deep fascia
- membrane which covers the deep muscles of the back of the trunk
76.
transverse plane seperates: - top from bottom
77.
what does the quadruped position show?: - this position aligns peripheral structures (ex dermatomes and muscle) with the spinal levels that innervate them
- note thumb and big toe are innervated by higher levels of the spine (thumb to pinky heads from high to low on the C-spine)
