Chapter 13: Forensic Anthropology
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KelseyNthelen on May 22, 2012
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Anthropology | the scientific study of the origins and behavior as well as the physical, social, and cultural development of humans. |
| Forensic Anthropology | the study of physical anthropology as it applies to human skeletal remains in a legal setting |
| in bone marrow (inside of bones) | Where are blood cells made? |
| Osteoporosis | weakening of the bone; may happen if there is not enough calcium in the diet and the body takes it from the bones to compensate |
| osteoblasts | a type of cell capable of migrating and depositing new bone |
| ossification | the process that replaces soft cartilage with hard bone by the deposition of minerals |
| osteocytes | an osteoblast that becomes trapped in the construction of bone; also known as a living bone cell |
| osteoclasts | bone cells involved in the breaking down of bone and the removal of waste |
| joints | locations where bone meet |
| cartilage | wraps the ends of bones and keeps them from scraping one another |
| ligaments | bands that connect two or more bones together |
| tendons | connect muscle to bone |
| osteobiography | the physical record of a person's life as told by his or her bones; tells much about a person through the study of the skeleton |
| epiphysis | the presence of a visible line that marks the place where cartilage is being replaced by bone |
| Facial Reconstruction | when clay is contoured to follow the height of the facial markers which are positioned at critical locations on the skull |
| skeletal trauma analysis | the investigation of bones and the marks on them to uncover a potential cause of death |
| Mitochondrial DNA | type of DNA in bones that is inherited only from the mom |
| gender, age, height, type of sports they play, nutritional deficiences | Analyzing bones can reveal clues to what such things? |
| shape of eye sockets, ratio of width to height of nasal opening, projection of upper jaw over lower jaw, width of face | How is distinguishing race determined by the skull? |
| skull and femur | Distinguishing race is best indicated by which bones? |
| because of the blending of physical traits | Why is distinguishing race losing its significance? |
| diet/nutrition (especially lack of vitamin D and calcium); diseases and genetic orders, arthritis, scoliosis; previous fractures; types of work/sports; surgical implants; childbirth | What types of characteristics can bones show? |
| ~206 ~450 | How many bones do adults have? How many bones do babies have? |
| because they are not fused completely yet | Why do babies have 450 bones? [compared to adults who have 206] |
| 30 years | How long do bones continue to increase in size? |
| In 1932 | When did the FBI first open a crime lab |
| Wilherlm His | Who used skull of Bach to reconstruct his face in clay in 1895? |
| 1800s in Europe | When did scientists begin studying skulls? |
| females | In what gender do skeletons tend to be smoother (gracile)? |
| males | In what gender is the surface of the bone where muscle and tendons attach thicker? |
| males | In what gender is the skull more massive and bumpier? |
| male | In what gender is the frontal lobe low and sloping? |
| male | In what gender is the eye orbit usually square? |
| male | In what gender is the lower jaw square with an angle close to 90 degrees? |
| male | In what gender is the chin more square? |
| male | In what gender is the brow ridge thicker and larger? |
| male | In what gender is the occiptial protuberance on the back of the skulls thicker due to neck muscles? |
| female | In what gender does the pelvis weigh less? |
| female | In what gender is the angle of the femur in relation to the pelvis greater? |
| male | In what gender is the femur thicker? |
| age 30 | When will the suture at the back of the skull (lambdoidal) be closed? |
| age 32 | When will the sagittal (suture running across the top of the skull, back to front) be closed? |
| age 50 | When will the coronal (suture running side to side over the top of the skull, near the front) be closed? |
| Living bones | What type of bone will shatter in a spiral pattern parallel to the length? |
| old bones | What type of bone will break perpendicular to the length? |
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