Bio Chapter 12
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Created by:
karleepanella on May 22, 2012
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53 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 DNA | What chemical transformed the bacteria in Griffith's experiment |
| made a model of DNA | Who were Watson and Crick |
| the living rough cells changed to disease-causing smooth cells | what happened when Griffith mixed the heat-killed smooth cells with the living rough cells? |
| A virus that infects bacterial cells | what is a bacteriophage? |
| Phosphorus, the marker in DNA | what element enter the bacterial cells during viral reproduction in Hershey and Chase's experiment? |
| 5 carbon sugars, phosphate group and a nitrogen base | what are the three parts of a nucleotide? |
| cytosine | what nitrogen base pairs with guanine? |
| purines | what are adenine and guanine? (double ring structure) |
| deoxyribose | what is the sugar in DNA? |
| complementary strands | what results from specific base pairing? |
| nucleus | Where is DNA located in the cells of eukaryotes? |
| thymine | which base pairs with adenine? |
| DNA polymerase | what enzymes joins nitrogen bases during DNA replication? |
| Hydrogen bonds | What type of bonds join the nitrogen bases? |
| ribose | what is the sugar in RNA? |
| uracil | What base replaces thymine in RNA? |
| mRNA | Which type of RNA brings the DNA code to the ribosomes? |
| tRNA | what type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosomes? |
| codon | what are three consecutive bases in mRNA that represent an amino acid? |
| ribosomes | where does protein synthesis take place? |
| transcription | what is the process that makes RNA? |
| nucleus | Where does transcription take place in eukaryotic cells? |
| mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA | what type of RNA are involved in protein synthesis? |
| mutation | what is a change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information? |
| translation | what is the pairing of mRNA and tRNA to make a protein called? |
| ribosomes | where does translation take place? |
| anticodons | what are nucleotides sequence in tRNA that pair with mRNA codons? |
| the order of bases in mRNA | what determine the order of amino acids in a protein? |
| a stop codon on mRNA | what causes protein synthesis to stop? |
| nucleotides | what is DNA made of? |
| adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine | 4 nitrogen bases? |
| pyrimidines | What are cytosine and thymine? (single ring structure) |
| chromatin | Eukaryotic chromosomes contain DNA and protein tightly packed together to form a substance called? |
| histones | In eukaryotic cells DNA is found in the form of chromatin in which DNA is tightly coiled around proteins called? |
| ribose instead of deoxyribose uracil in place of thymine single stranded | what is different about RNA from DNA? |
| ribosomes | proteins are made at the? |
| by joining amino acids to make polypeptide | how are proteins made? |
| DNA | what controls protein synthesis? |
| transcription and translation | 2 main parts of protein synthesis? |
| transcription | the process by which DNA makes mRNA |
| exons | nucleotide sequences that codes for amino acids are called? |
| introns | nucleotide sequences that do not code for amino acids are called? |
| genetic code | the "language" of mRNA instructions for making a protein is called the ? |
| blueprint | mRNA is the ______ for making a protein |
| three consecutive nucleotides | what do codons consist of? |
| 64 | there are __ condons |
| 3 stop codons | what signals the end of protein synthesis? |
| tRNA mRNA | ____ has anticodons that are complementary to ___ codons |
| mutations | changes in the DNA sequence that affect genetic info |
| genes or chromosomes | Mutations can occur in? |
| point mutations | Genes that affect one nucleotide are called.. |
| Frameshift mutations | ______ shift the "reading" frame of the genetic message and affects every amino acid that follows the point of the insertion or the deletion |
| inserting or deleting a nucleotide | what causes frameshift mutation? |
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