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Hydrogen Bonds Covalent, Ionic, and Hydrogen Covalent Bonds shares electrons, strong bond Ionic Bonds combines though electron charge, (metal+nonmetal) Hydrogen Bonds interaction between H+ O, N, or F; stronger than Ionic, but weaker than Covalent Polar Molecules known as Hydrophilic Non Polar Molecules known as Hydrophobic Hydrophilic attracted to water Hydrophobic not attracted to water Organic Compounds Carbohydrates, Protein, Lipids, Nucleic Acid Macromolecules formed from 40-50 different types of monomers Dehydration joins monomers to make polymers hydrolysis water is added to bread apart polymers Carbohydrates forms large starches from small sugars called monosaccharides; have lots of Oxygen atoms (hydrophilic) Types of Carbs Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen Starch Found in plants— banks from which plants can draw glucose for energy building materials Cellulose most abundant organis material on earth— makes up plant cell walls Glycogen stored in liver and muscle cells— hydrolyzed when glucose is needed Protein Formed from amino acids; joined together covalently; polypeptide chain; multiple shapes Purpose of Protein to react as an enzyme (catalyst) Types of Proteins structural, contractile, defensive, sigan, and receptor Structural Protein hair, tendons, ligaments Contractile Protein muscle Defensive Protein fights infections Sigan Protein hormones and other chemicals Receptor Protein transmits information through the cell walls Lipids energy storing hydrocarbons linked by covalent bonds; hydrophobic; high energy Typs of Lipids Fats/oils, phospholipids, steroids Fats/Oil long term energy storage phospholipids main component of cell membranes Steroids in cell membranes and made for sex hormones Triglycerides fats made from glycerol and fatty acids Nucleic Acids Macromolecules necessary for storing` and directing the information that humans cells us for reproduction and growth Types of Nucleic Acid Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) DNA where genetic information is stored RNA Transfers the genetic information to ribosomes where proteins synthesis takes place nucleotides monomers that make up nucleic acids polynucleotides polymers formed by dehydration reactions