Pharm 103: Unit 2: Lesson 4.0
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Created by:
Syharath on May 22, 2012
Subjects:
pharmacotherapeutics pharmacy technicians metc syharath
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 NEURONS | The basic functional units of the nervous system are individual cells and are specialized cells that react to physical and chemical changes occurring in their surroundings. |
| NEUROGLIA ( glial cells ) | separate and protect the neurons and provide a supportive framework for neural tissue and are primarily conentive tissue that protect and hold neurons in place |
| 2 MAJOR ANATOMICAL DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM | Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
| 2 PRIMARY TYPES OF CELLS | Neurons and Neuroglia |
| NERVES | Groups of peripheral nerve fibers, or axons, which are bundled together like strands of a cable |
| 3 TYPES OF NEURONS | Sensory Neurons, Motor Neurons, and Interneurons. |
| SENSORY NEURONS (Afferent) | Carry impulses from the BODY to the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD |
| MOTOR NEURONS (Efferent) | Originate in the central nervous system and carry impulses from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM to EFFECTOR ORGANS--usually to incite a response |
| INTERNEURONS (Internuncial) | Carry impulses from SENSORY NEURONS to MOTOR NEURONS |
| AXON | Nerve fiber with a slender cylindrical process and smooth surfaces. Transmits impulses AWAY from the cell body and carries substane to other parts of the cell. |
| CELL BODY | Contains the nucleus, provides structure to the neuron, and is the METABOLIC GENETIC CENTER of the neuron. |
| DENDRITES | Contain Nerve fiber and are usually short and highly branched. Possess-thornlike spines called dentritic spines. RECEIVE impules from other cells and relay them to the cell body. |
| DENTRITIC BRANCHES | Main receptor surfaces on the neuron, where impules from the other neurons communicateto these receptive surfaces. |
| MYELIN SHEATH | PROTECTIVE covering, or insulation, for the AXON and is made up of LIPIDS and PROTEIN. Also regulates the speed of impulse conduction along the axon |
| SYNAPSE | Specialized site where the neuron COMMUNICATES WITH ANOTHER CELL |
| 3 PARTS OF A SYNAPSE | Presynaptic Knob, Synapti Cleft, Postsynaptic Neuron(muscle/gland). |
| PRESYNAPTIC KNOB | Side of ORIGINATING impulse and is responsible and is responsible for sending a message |
| SYNAPTIC CLEFT | GAP between the presynaptic knob and the postsynaptic neuron and plays an important role in neurotransmission |
| POSTSYNAPTIC NEURON | RECEIVING side of the impulse and acts to continue the nerve impulse until the process reaches its end state. |
| GANGLION | CLUSTER of neuronal cell bodies located in the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and is classified as either pre-ganglionic or post-ganglionic. |
| PRE-GANGLIONIC NEURONS | The neurons that EMERGE from the BRAIN or SPINAL CORD and travel to the GANGLION |
| POST-GANGLIONIC NEURONS | The neurons that TRAVEL AWAY from the GANGLION to the SMOOTH MUSCLE,CARDIAC, OR GLANDS |
| NEUROTRANSMITTERS | Chemical substances that are produced in neurons and transmit nerve impulses across the synapse. |
| 6 MOST COMMON NEUROTRANSMITTERS | Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Serotonin, Gamma-aminobutyric Acid(GABA), Glutamate |
| NEUROTRANSMISSION | Process by which neurons communicate with each other and other parts of the body, such as organs,muscles, or glands. |
| 1st MECHANISM TO STOP NEUROTRANSMISSION | Neurotransmitters may be taken into the receiving postsynaptic neuron instead of attaching to a receptor |
| 2nd MECHANISM TO STOP NEUROTRANSMISSION | Neurotransmitters may be inactivated by enzymes(substances that induce a chemical change) in the synaptic cleft) |
| 3rd MECHANISM TO STOP NEUROTRANSMISSION | Neurotransmitters may be absorbed into the presynaptic neuron for reuse, which is called reuptake. |
| SODIUM PUMP THEORY | MOVEMENT of sodium ions INTO the axon and potassium ions moving OUT of the axon. |
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