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1st MECHANISM TO STOP NEUROTRANSMISSION: Neurotransmitters may be taken into the receiving postsynaptic neuron instead of attaching to a receptor
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2 MAJOR ANATOMICAL DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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2 PRIMARY TYPES OF CELLS: Neurons and Neuroglia
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2nd MECHANISM TO STOP NEUROTRANSMISSION: Neurotransmitters may be inactivated by enzymes(substances that induce a chemical change) in the synaptic cleft)
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3 PARTS OF A SYNAPSE: Presynaptic Knob, Synapti Cleft, Postsynaptic Neuron(muscle/gland).
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3 TYPES OF NEURONS: Sensory Neurons, Motor Neurons, and Interneurons.
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3rd MECHANISM TO STOP NEUROTRANSMISSION: Neurotransmitters may be absorbed into the presynaptic neuron for reuse, which is called reuptake.
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6 MOST COMMON NEUROTRANSMITTERS: Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Serotonin, Gamma-aminobutyric Acid(GABA), Glutamate
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AXON: Nerve fiber with a slender cylindrical process and smooth surfaces. Transmits impulses AWAY from the cell body and carries substane to other parts of the cell.
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CELL BODY: Contains the nucleus, provides structure to the neuron, and is the METABOLIC GENETIC CENTER of the neuron.
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DENDRITES: Contain Nerve fiber and are usually short and highly branched. Possess-thornlike spines called dentritic spines.
RECEIVE impules from other cells and relay them to the cell body.
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DENTRITIC BRANCHES: Main receptor surfaces on the neuron, where impules from the other neurons communicateto these receptive surfaces.
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GANGLION: CLUSTER of neuronal cell bodies located in the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and is classified as either pre-ganglionic or post-ganglionic.
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INTERNEURONS (Internuncial): Carry impulses from SENSORY NEURONS to MOTOR NEURONS
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MOTOR NEURONS (Efferent): Originate in the central nervous system and carry impulses from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM to EFFECTOR ORGANS--usually to incite a response
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MYELIN SHEATH: PROTECTIVE covering, or insulation, for the AXON and is made up of LIPIDS and PROTEIN. Also regulates the speed of impulse conduction along the axon
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NERVES: Groups of peripheral nerve fibers, or axons, which are bundled together like strands of a cable
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NEUROGLIA ( glial cells ): separate and protect the neurons and provide a supportive framework for neural tissue and are primarily conentive tissue that protect and hold neurons in place
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NEURONS: The basic functional units of the nervous system are individual cells and are specialized cells that react to physical and chemical changes occurring in their surroundings.
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NEUROTRANSMISSION: Process by which neurons communicate with each other and other parts of the body, such as organs,muscles, or glands.
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NEUROTRANSMITTERS: Chemical substances that are produced in neurons and transmit nerve impulses across the synapse.
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POST-GANGLIONIC NEURONS: The neurons that TRAVEL AWAY from the GANGLION to the SMOOTH MUSCLE,CARDIAC, OR GLANDS
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POSTSYNAPTIC NEURON: RECEIVING side of the impulse and acts to continue the nerve impulse until the process reaches its end state.
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PRE-GANGLIONIC NEURONS: The neurons that EMERGE from the BRAIN or SPINAL CORD and travel to the GANGLION
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PRESYNAPTIC KNOB: Side of ORIGINATING impulse and is responsible and is responsible for sending a message
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SENSORY NEURONS (Afferent): Carry impulses from the BODY to the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD
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SODIUM PUMP THEORY: MOVEMENT of sodium ions INTO the axon and potassium ions moving OUT of the axon.
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SYNAPSE: Specialized site where the neuron COMMUNICATES WITH ANOTHER CELL
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SYNAPTIC CLEFT: GAP between the presynaptic knob and the postsynaptic neuron and plays an important role in neurotransmission
