| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Vitamin K | a fat-soluble vitamin that helps in the clotting of blood |
| Vitamin D | produced in the skin by exposure to sunlight and promotes bone growth |
| Vitamin C | a vitamin found in fresh fruits and vegetables; prevents scurvy and fights infections |
| Vitamin A | maintains healthy skin, bones, teeth, and hair; aids vision in dim light |
| Water | small polar molecule essential to all life; allows capillary action, surface tension, etc. |
| Carbohydrate | contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; main source of energy for body, commonly end in "ose"; building block = monosaccharide |
| Protein | a molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body (enzymes) |
| Nucleic Acids | complex macromolecules such as RNA and DNA that store genetic information in cells in the form of a code; made up of nucleotides |
| Organic compound | a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon |
| Inorganic compound | A compound that does not contain carbon |
| Lipids | biochemicals that do not dissolve in water (fats, oils, and waxes) make up cell membranes, store energy |
| Acids | Have a pH lower than 7 |
| Bases | Have a pH above 7 |
| Enzyme | specialized proteins that speed up chemical reactions; often end in "ase" |
| Mineral | inorganic nutrient the body needs, usually in small amounts; ex: calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium |
| Cellulose | carbohydrate component of the cell wall of plants; provides dietary fiber |
| Substrate | a substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction |
| Amino acid | basic building blocks of protein molecules |
| monosaccharide | a simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate |
| polysaccharide | many sugar molecules bonded together (polymer) |
| fatty acid | with glycerol, make up the building blocks of lipids |
| nucleotide | building block of a nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) |
| polarity | the ___ of water molecules enables many substances to dissolve in water easily |
| dietary fiber | found in cell walls of plants; not digested by humans |
| DNA | the double stranded (double-helix) molecule that contains the genetic code |
| What affects an enzyme and the rate of reaction? | temperature, pH, and enzyme concentration |
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