MEGA SUPER AWESOME BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
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Created by:
collin_guieb on May 23, 2012
Subjects:
Description:
Chapters 9, 10, 14, 15, 20, and 22
*does not include all essay questions
Classes:
Hanalani Study Buddy Group (Sophomore)
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98 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 binomial nomenclature | system proposed by Linnaeus to name organisms |
| heterotrophic | relies on other organisms for food |
| 7 | How many levels are there in the current system of classification? |
| taxonomy | the science of classifying organisms |
| Latin | language used for Linnaeus's naming system |
| B | Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a species? a. members of a species are structurally similar but have a degree of variation b. members of a species are structurally smilar but live in different habitats c. members of a species can interbreed and produce viable and fertile offspring |
| appearance | What is an artificial classification system based on? |
| herbs, shrubs, trees, animals, birds, fish | six groups of Aristotle's classification system |
| phylogenetic tree | an evolutionist diagram that shows the path of evolution |
| derived characters | shared unique features of two organisms |
| genus-species | the combination used to give the name of an organism |
| (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species) KPCOFGS | hierarchy of the current system of classification (7) |
| Kingdom Eubacteria | most abundant kingdom, contains peptidoglycan |
| Kingdom Archaebacteria | extremophile kingdom |
| Kingdom Protista | most diverse kingdom; eukaryotic and not animals, plants, or fungi |
| Kingdom Fungi | heterotrophic kingdom |
| Kingdom Plantae | most recognizable; autotrophic, stationary, and can perform photosynthesis |
| Kingdom Animalia | herterotrophic, eukaryotic, multicellular; has somemeans of locomotion |
| phagocytes | white blood cells that fight foreign pathogens |
| airborne | this type of infection occurs when a pathogen is passed on through the air, usually inhaled |
| wound | this type of infection occurs when a pathogen enters the body through a break in the skin |
| direct contact | this type of infection occurs when a pathogen is passed from one organism to another through touch |
| etiology | study of causes of disease |
| pathogen | an organism or virus that enters the body and causes disease |
| lysis | the process when a host cell bursts |
| capsid | the protein covering a virus |
| capsule | carbohydrate covering of a bacterium |
| Pasteur | discovered the vaccination for rabies |
| Iwanowski | worked with the Tobacco Mosaic Virus |
| Jenner | discovered the vaccination for small pox |
| photosynthesis | process in which bacteria get their nutrition from the sun |
| saprophytic | process in which bacteria get their nutrition from dead/decaying organisms |
| obligate parasite | process in which bacteria get their nutrition from living organisms |
| conjugation | form of DNA/RNA transfer involving a tube that connects two bacteria |
| transduction | form of DNA/RNA transfer involving a virus that transfers the nuclear material |
| transformation | form of DNA/RNA transfer involving free floating bacterial DNA that is picked up by another bacterium |
| plasmid | DNA chromosomes that are not essential to a bacterium |
| binary fission | describes bacteria reproduction |
| pH, nutrition, temperature, moisture | four conditions necessary for optimal growth |
| obligate anaerobes | bacteria that can only grow in the absence of oxygen |
| facultative anaerobes | bacteria that can grow with or without oxygen |
| kill or inhibit the growth (of bacteria) | How do antibiotics affect bacteria? |
| capillarity | idea that adhesion causes water to rise in thin diameter tubing |
| root pressure | the movement of water up the stem because of water entering the roots |
| nastic movement | loss/gain of turgor pressure and doesn't depend on the direction of stimulus |
| totipotent | when one cell can differentiate into every cell of a plant |
| translocation | movement of carbohydrates through a plant |
| pedicel | supporting stalk of the entire flower |
| sepal | outermost ring that protects the flower as it buds |
| anther | portion of the flower that contains the pollen manufacturing area |
| oxygen | What element is necessary for plants to pump minerals throughout their structure? |
| stigma | the sticky portion of the flower that gathers pollen from carriers |
| petal | the large brightly colored "leaves" of the flower |
| composite flower | a flower that is composed of many smaller flowers |
| transpiration | when water is released into the atmosphere |
| filament | stalk that holds up the pollen producing structure of a flower |
| carpel | the entire female reproductive structure of a flower |
| stamen | the entire male reproductive structure of a flower |
| roots | Where do plants absorb water and oxygen from? |
| thigmonastic movement | rapid loss of turgor pressure due to stimuli contacting the plant |
| nyctinastic movement | gradual movement of plants based on the amount of sunlight it receives |
| photoperiodism | when the length of day determines the flowering of a plant |
| pollination | the process by which pollen is transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower |
| seed germination | a process by which a seed embryo develops into a seedling |
| Turbellaria | class name for planarians |
| Annelida | phylum name for segmented worms |
| trematoda | class name for flukes |
| Cestoda | class name for tapeworms |
| Platyhelminthes | phylum name for flukes |
| Nematoda | phylum name for ascaris |
| scolex | the head of a tapeworm |
| proglottid | segments of a tapeworm |
| annelida | "little rings" |
| nephridia | organs that filter the blood |
| sexually | ascaris reproduce _______ |
| 200,000 | female ascaris produce _________ eggs in one day |
| origin | portion of the muscle that is connected to the less movable bone/area |
| atrophy | the loss of muscle due to the lack of use |
| sacromere | functional unit of muscle contraction |
| tendon | fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
| joint | connection between two or more bones |
| endosteum | lining of the marrow cavity of a long bone |
| diaphysis | long main portion of a long bone |
| epiphysis | ends of the long bone |
| 206 | number of bones in adult skeleton |
| sebaceous gland | gland that secretes oil |
| cortex | middle portion of hair where the pigment is located |
| dermis | layer of skin that contains the hair follicles and oil glands |
| stratum corneum | most superficial layer of skin |
| physiology | study of functions of the parts and structure of an organism |
| nervous | type of tissue that consists of cells that transmit electrical impulses |
| muscular | type of tissue that consists of cells that can contract |
| lateral | anatomical term that means away from the midline |
| superior | anatomical term that means towards the head |
| anterior | anatomical term that means towards the front |
| distal | anatomical term that means away from the trunk |
| inborn | type of behavior that a human is born with |
| spiritual | type of behavior that we have because we are created in God's image and have a soul |
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