| Term | Definition |
|---|
| detergents and soaps | 2 surface active agents |
| proteolytic | break up proteins |
| detergents | surface agent that ionize with water and are proteolytic, which means they dissolve organic stains |
| inactivate | washing off soap with alcohol will _______ it |
| alkali | soaps contain_____ that suspends dirt |
| antiseptic | soaps are mildly __________ vs Strep, neisseria, Treponema, influenza viruses |
| chloride compounds | disrupts cell memebrane, denatures protein |
| zephiran chloride | wash off with water not alcohol or will inactivate |
| diaprene chloride | disinfects diapers; reacts with ammonia |
| ceepryn chloride | mouthwash vs pathogens in mouth |
| heavy metal compounds | compounds that inactivate proteins; not sporocidal |
| silver nitrate | caustic antiseptic used to cauterize wounds, reduces burn infections |
| organic mercury | reacts with sulfhydryl groups on microbial cell |
| organic mercury | used to sterilize intruments, irrigate urethra, vaccines |
| zinc salts | compound used vs anaerobes |
| zinc salts | compound used for gunshot wounds, bites, deep punctures |
| zinc | calamine lotion is mainly ______ oxide |
| copper sulfate | compound effective vs algae in swimming pools |
| copper sulfate | compound used against salmonella typhi after earthquake; and fungi parasitic on plants |
| molecular weight | the higher the ________ ________ the more effective is the alcohol |
| isopropyl | which one's a heavier compound and therefore is more effective: isopropyl or ethanol alcohol? |
| spores | alcohols and aldehydes are not effective vs ______ |
| formaldehyde | used to preserve whole organisms-funeral homes; disinfect shoes; dialysis equipment in toxoid vaccines to make toxin harmless |
| coagulate | alcohols and aldehydes ____________ proteins |
| denatures | phenols and derivatives ______ proteins |
| carbolic acid | a phenol, first disinfectant used to try to curb infection |
| phenol and hexachlorophene | most effective vs. G+ |
| hexachlorophene | used in surgical scrubs; Dial, deodorants |
| brain seizures | excess hexachlorophene baths could result to |
| 5 | _% solution of phenol kills bacterial cell |
| higher | cresol, now lysol, has __________ germicidal power than phenol |
| cresol | injures skin at levels needed to be bactericidal |
| iodine and chlorine | 2 halogen compounds used as oxidizing agents |
| iodine and chlorine | compounds used to disinfect swimming pools |
| iodine | compound used to disinfect restaurant equipment, dairy industry, and preop scrubs |
| iodine | compound found in tablets for tourist's drinking water |
| chlorine | compound does not kill protists or worms; used mostly in public water supplies |
| hydrolyse | acids ______ protein and denature it |
| boric acid | least harmful of acids; used vs cockroaches, ants, etc. |
| fuming nitric acid | sometimes used in hospital; cauterize wounds from RABID animals |
| benzoic acid | also known as salicylic acid, fights against fungal infections on feet |
| proprionic acid | used to disinfect bakery goods that need to be shipped |
| oxidizing agents | liberates free O2 to react with H+ from bacterial protein and deform it |
| hydrogen peroxide | used to clean deep wounds; gargle vs viruses |
| no because it deteriorates rapidly | is H2O2 reliable? |
| ethylene oxide | explosive gas used to disinfect RR cars, airplanes, heart lung machines, artificial hips, blankets, pillows, etc. |
| evaporate | allow time for ethylene oxide to _________ to become nontoxic to human |
| ethylene oxide | use in cold and store as liquid, or else it explodes |
| chlorinated lime | releases acid that kills bacteria; used to kill salmonella typhi |
| destroys fabric | a disadvantage of chlorinated lime is that it _________ and decomposes when exposed to air |
| lime | CaCO3 |
| calcium hydroxide | good vs feces. (used in outhouses) |
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