Bio Final - DNA & Genetics - part 7
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51 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Griffith | Scientist who experimented with mice and bacteria |
| Hershey and Chase | Scientists allowed bacteriaophage to infect bacteria and determined it was DNA injected into bacteria |
| Watson and Crick | Scientists credited with discovering the structure of DNA |
| 5 Carbon sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base | Three parts of a nucleotide |
| monomer | what is a nucleuotide (subunit of nucleic acid) |
| purines | nitrogen bases with two nitrogenous rings |
| adenine and guanine | two nitrogen bases of DNA that have one ring |
| Thymine | Base pair with Adenine |
| guanine | cytosine pairs with ..... |
| chromatin | DNA wound loosely around proteins called histones |
| chromosomes | chromotin coils up tightly to make ..... |
| DNA | Double stranded, sugar is deoxyribose, has thymine |
| Both DNA and RNA | has nucleic acid, made of nucleotide, involved in making proteins, have adeline, guanine, and cytocine |
| RNA | single stranded, sugar is ribose, has uracil |
| mRNA | carries messages for making proteins from DNA to the ribosome |
| tRNA | carries amio acids to the ribosomes |
| rRNA | makes up part of the structure of a ribosome |
| replication fork | place where DNA separates and starts to copy |
| DNA polymerase | enzyme responsible for bringing new nucleotide to make the second strand of DNA |
| semiconservative ? | the method by which DNa replicates itself with one old strand and one new strand |
| transcription | the process of making RNA from DNA |
| nucleus | where transcription occurs |
| introns | areas of DNA that do not include genes. |
| translation | the processing of making proteins from RNA |
| ribosome | where translation occurs |
| codon | a group of three mRNA nucleotides that code for a particular amino acid |
| mutation | any change in genetic material |
| point mutations | mutation that occurs with only one or a few nucleotides |
| frame shift mutation | one or a few nucleotides are inserted or deleted & cause the grouping of nucleotides into codons to be shifted from right to left |
| chromosomal mutation | caused by changes in the number or structure of chromosomes |
| inversion | chromosome twists and turns upside down (illustration) |
| heredity | the passing on of traits from one generation to another |
| gregor mendel | studies pea plants - father of genetics |
| principle of dominance & recessiveness | where one allelle masks the presence of others |
| principle of inheritance | traits are passed on thru individual units called genes |
| principle of segregation | alleles of each gene are separated when gametes form |
| gene | codes for a particular traits and is composed of a section of DNA (nucleotide sequence) |
| allele | a different form of a gene |
| genotype | the genetic make up of an organism |
| phenotype | the outward appearance or behavior of an organism |
| principle of independent assortment | The way chromosomes line up during meiosis and separate have no effect on how others line up. It is random |
| incomplete dominance | if there are two alleles for flower color, the possible colors are pink, white and red |
| codominance | if there are two alleles for fur color, and the possible colors are black, white, and black and white spotted |
| x chromosome | hemophilia and color blindness are sex linked traits because the genes for these traits are located on the _____ chromosome |
| polygenic | traits are controlled by more than one gene are referred to as.... |
| thomas hunt morgan | worked with fruit flies and discovered that genes are located on the same chromosome |
| principle of linkage | Morgan's conclusion |
| nondisjunction | The condition when chromosomes do not line up properly during meiosis |
| down syndrome, turner syndrome, klinefelters syndrome | Where too many or not enough chromosomes in a cell occur |
| heterozygous | two different types of alleles |
| homozygous | one different alleles |
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