LSimpson - 10th Grade History Final Short Answer
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LSimpson1022 on May 24, 2012
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 European Tension in 1914 | France allied with Russia, thinking that it would be beneficial because Germany would be then surrounded on two fronts. Germany, on the other hand, therefore allied with Austria-Hungary. Interestingly, Austria-Hungary and Russia were both rivals, since they both wanted control of the Balkans. So, Russia allied with the Serbians, who did not favor the Austria-Hungarians. France also had a causal alliance with the British, but this alliance didn't extend to military commitment, so whether the British would support the French alliance was unsure, although later on, they did. This alliance system drags the entire continent into war bcz of a disagreement between two countries. |
| Armenian Genocide | Assault carried out by mainly Turkish military forces against Armenian population in Anatolia in 1915; over a million Armenians perished and thousands fled to Russia and the Middle East. |
| Totalitarianism | a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) |
| Fascism | a political theory advocating an authoritarian hierarchical government (as opposed to democracy or liberalism) |
| Communism | a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership, a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. |
| Nazism | The doctrines of nationalism, racial purity, anti-Communism, and the all-powerful role of the State. The National Socialist German Workers Party, otherwise known as the Nazi Party. Nazism was advocated by Adolf Hitler in Germany. |
| Adolf Hitler | This dictator was the leader of the Nazi Party. He believed that strong leadership was required to save Germanic society, which was at risk due to Jewish, socialist, democratic, and liberal forces. |
| Benito Mussolini | Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy. (p. 786) |
| Joseph Stalin | Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953) |
| Hideki Tojo | prime minister of Japan during most of World War II (1941-44) and who was subsequently tried and executed for war crimes. He led his country's war efforts after the attack on the U.S. base at Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, and under his direction smashing victories were initially scored throughout Southeast Asia and the Pacific. |
| Appeasement | policy by which Czechoslovakia, Great Britain and France agreed to Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland in agreement for not taking any additional Czech territory |
| Propaganda | information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause |
| The Triumph of the Will | a film directed by Leni Reifenstahl that showed extreme and brilliant propaganda. it is an 1 & 1/2 hour film dedicated to a Nazi rally in Nuremberg |
| Battle of Stalingrad | Unsuccessful German attack on the city of Stalingrad during World War II from 1942 to 1943, that was the furthest extent of German advance into the Soviet Union. |
| Causes of World War II | Long Term: 1. Global Depression 2. Rise of Extremists 3. Failure of Appeasement 4. Treat of Versailles Immediate Causes: 1. Invasion of Poland (Sept. 1, 1939) 2. Attack on Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941) |
| Battle of the Bulge | December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses. |
| Berlin Airlift | airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries |
| Warsaw Pact | An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO |
| Cuban Missle Crisis | (1961) Crises that developed as a result of Cuban dictator Fidel Castro's decision to allow the Soviet Union to base nuclear missiles in Cuba. Upon discovery, the United States confronted the Soviet Union and demanded the missiles be removed. For nearly two weeks, nuclear war was imminent. Fortunately, diplomacy succeeded and crisis was averted. |
| Chernobyl | The nuclear power plant in the Ukraine that suffered two large explosions which released massive amounts of radioactive materials. It is the worst nuclear accident in history and thousands were and continue to be impacted by the disaster. |
| Korean War | conflict between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea) in which at least 2.5 million persons lost their lives. The war reached international proportions in June 1950 when North Korea, supplied and advised by the Soviet Union, invaded the South. The United Nations, with the United States as the principal participant, joined the war on the side of the South Koreans, and the People's Republic of China came to North Korea's aid. After more than a million combat casualties had been suffered on both sides, the fighting ended in July 1953 with Korea still divided into two hostile states. Negotiations in 1954 produced no further agreement, and the front line has been accepted ever since as the de facto boundary between North and South Korea. |
| Collapse of the USSR | Was a process of systematic disintegration, which occurred in its economy, social structure and political structure. |
| British vs French decolonization | British didn't want to give up power, more bloody battles and people in prisoned, while French found peaceful ways to decolonize |
| Decolonization of Africa | withdrawal of European nations from Africa that occurred between 1955 and 1965; 35 new countries were established |
| Decolonization of India | When? 1947 Who?: Gandhi Why?: #1 India was no longer providing as much wealth for Britain as it once had. #2 Post WWII economic hardships for Britain #3 Since the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857 Indian nationalists have been working to achieve independence from Britain. How?: Civil Disobedience |
| Camp David Accords | The first signed agreement between Israel and an Arab country, in which Egyptian president Anwar Sadat recognized Israel as a legitimate state and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin agreed to return the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt. |
| Iranian Revolution | (1978-1979) a revolution against the shah of Iran led by the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, which resulted in Iran becoming an Islamic republic with Khomeini as its leader |
| Independence of Algeria | also called Algerian War of Independence , (1954-62) war for Algerian independence from France. The movement for independence began during World War I (1914-18) and gained momentum after French promises of greater self-rule in Algeria went unfulfilled after World War II (1939-45). In 1954 the National Liberation Front (FLN) began a guerrilla war against France and sought diplomatic recognition at the UN to establish a sovereign Algerian state. Although Algerian fighters operated in the countryside—particularly along the country's borders—the most serious fighting took place in and around Algiers, where FLN fighters launched a series of violent urban attacks that came to be known as the Battle of Algiers (1956-57). French forces (which increased to 500,000 troops) managed to regain control but only through brutal measures, and the ferocity of the fighting sapped the political will of the French to continue the conflict. In 1959 Charles de Gaulle declared that the Algerians had the right to determine their own future. Despite terrorist acts by French Algerians opposed to independence and an attempted coup in France by elements of the French army, an agreement was signed in 1962, and Algeria became independent. See also Raoul Salan. |
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