Anatomy & Physiology 2 Lab (Practical 1)
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43 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 blind spot | at the optic disc. no photoreceptors, so this area of vision is not perceived. |
| accommodation | ability to focus differentially for objects of near vision |
| myopia | nearsighted (image focuses in front of retina) |
| hyperopia | farsighted (image focuses behind retina) |
| near-point accomodation | method of testing lens elasticity |
| presbyopia | loss of lens elasticity with old age |
| visual acuity | sharpness of vision |
| astigmatism | Blurry vision. Irregular curvatures of lens or cornea. |
| Rinne test | Compares bone and air conduction. (Side of head) |
| Weber test | Tests hearing equality on either side. (Top of head) |
| Hormone | chemical messengers released into the blood to be transported throughout the body |
| target | organ that responds to a particular hormone |
| Pineal gland | third ventricle of brain. melatonin. inhibitory effect on sexual maturation. |
| hypothalamus | links the nervous system to the endocrine system |
| thyroid | inferior to larynx. thyroid hormone. hyposecretion causes myxedema (mental and physical sluggishness) |
| parathyroid | posterior surface of parathyroid gland. parathyroid hormone, regulates calcium balance in blood. hyposecretion causes tetany. |
| adrenal glands | near the kidneys. epinephrine or NE. hypersecretion of gonadocorticoids produces abnormal hairiness. |
| pancreas | partially behind the stomach. insulin and glucagon. Hyposecretion leads to diabetes mellitus. |
| testes | testosterone. hyposecretion inhibits sexual maturation. |
| ovaries | estrogen. hyposecretion inhibits sexual maturation. |
| erythrocytes | red blood cells. transport oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| leukocytes | white blood cells. play roll in immune system. |
| granulocytes | neutrophils, eosiniphils, basophils |
| neutrophils | phagocytize bacteria |
| eosinophils | kill parasitic worms |
| basophils | release histamine and other mediators of inflammation |
| Agranulocytes | lymphocytes, monocytes |
| lymphocytes | mount immune response by direct cell attack or antibodies |
| monocytes | phagocytosis |
| platelets | blood clotting |
| visceral pericardium | fibroserous membrane closely applied to heart muscle |
| parietal pericardium | serous membrane surrounding visceral pericardium |
| myocardium | cardiac muscle |
| endocardium | thin serous endothelium that lines the atria and ventricles |
| pulmonary circuit | distributes blood to the lungs to unload CO2 and pick up oxygen and returns to the heart |
| systemic circuit | carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and back to the heart. |
| hepatic portal circulation | drain digestive viscera and deliver blood to the liver for processing. |
| Circle of Willis | looped network of arteries at the base of the BRAIN. supplies blood to the brain. |
| reflex arc | innervation for a reflex |
| stretch reflex | postural reflexes that act to maintain posture, balance, and locomotion. initiated by tapping a tendon which stretches the muscle the tendon is attached to. at the same time, antagonist muscles are inhibitted to prevent them from resisting |
| crossed extensor reflexes | consists of a flexor, or withdrawal reflex followed by extension of the opposite limb |
| autonomic reflexes | regulate internal body functions, ie. sweating, digestion.... |
| pituitary or hypophysis | tropic hormones and ADH. hyposecretion of ADH results in diabetes insipidus. |
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