Biology exam 4

5 Written Questions

1. having two different alleles for a trait
2. mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
3. messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome
4. each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes separates independently of the members of other pairs so the results are random
5. sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein. They are involved in RNA trancription but not in RNA translation. They are taken out before the RNA is translated.

5 Matching Questions

1. genetic code
2. nonsense mutation
3. alleles
4. tRNA
5. silent mutation

1. a different forms of a gene
2. b A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does not change the amino acid created.
3. c the rule that describes how a sequence of nucleotides, read in groups of three consecutive nucleotides (triplets) that makes the amino acid sequence of a protein
4. d A mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein.
5. e transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the sequence of nucleotides; the source of all genetic diversity
   1. deletion
   2. exons
   3. introns
   4. mutations
2. method of replication that implies that each new strand of DNA is half original and half new
   1. invertion
   2. silent mutation
   3. somatic mutation
   4. semi conservative
3. change in body cells contained in every cell except the reproductive cells. it is not inheritable
   1. missence mutation
   2. germline mutation
   3. silent mutation
   4. somatic mutation
4. The physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its gentic make up.
   1. genotype
   2. exons
   3. phenotype
   4. genes
5. group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon
   1. invertion
   2. codon
   3. introns
   4. anticodon

5 True/False Questions

1. law of segregation → the process by which unspecialized cells develop into their mature forms and functions and they become specialized.

   True        False

2. genes → sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

   True        False

3. deletion → A piece of chromosome come off, flips around , and rejions the same chromosome.`

   True        False

4. missence mutation → when a point mutation results in substituting one amino acid for another

   True        False

5. homozygous → having two identical alleles for a trait

   True        False