SpIII Chapter 1 Grammar Part 1: Main Grammar Concepts
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whitneywilhelm on May 25, 2012
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39 terms
Spanish | English |
|---|---|
 yo | I |
| tú | you (informal) |
| él | he |
| ella | she |
| usted | you (formal) |
| nosotros | we |
| ellos | them (masculine) |
| ellas | them (feminine) |
| ustedes | you all |
| -o, -as, -a, -amos, -an | present tense -ar verb endings |
| -o, -es, -e, -emos, -en | present tense -er verb endings |
| -o, -es, -e, -imos, -en | present tense -ir verb endings |
| -uzco | present tense yo ending of verbs ending in -cir or -cer |
| -go | present tense yo ending of verbs ending in -guir (also applies to some "-go" verbs like tener, venir, salir) |
| -jo | present tense yo ending of verbs ending in -ger or -gir |
| i-->y (spell change) | spell change required in all but the nosotros form of verbs ending in -uir (as in, with verbs like construir, distrubuir) |
| e-->ie (stem change) | stem change in verbs like pensar, empezar, querer, perder, preferir, entender |
| e-->i (stem change) | stem change in verbs like pedir, seguir, servir |
| o-->ue (stem change) | stem change in verbs like poder, contar, dormir, encontrar, recordar, volver |
| u-->ue (stem change) | stem change in "jugar" only |
| estoy, estás, está, estamos, están | present tense conjugations of "estar" |
| soy, eres, es, somos, son | present tense conjugations of "ser" |
| voy, vas, va, vamos, van | present tense conjugations of "ir" |
| digo, dices, dice, decimos, dicen | present tense conjugations of "decir" |
| tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen | present tense conjugations of "tener" |
| vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, vienen | present tense conjugations of "venir" |
| before a direct object that is a person; before indefinites like alguien (somebody)and nadie (nobody) when they are used as direct objects | when the personal "a" is used |
| after tener; when refering to nonspecific people | when the personal "a" is NOT used |
| el, la, los, las | definite articles |
| un, una, unos, unas | indefinite articles |
| -dad, -tud, -ión, -umbre, -z (noun endings) | nearly all nouns ending in these five endings are feminine |
| -r, -l (noun endings) | nearly all nouns ending in these two endings are masculine |
| add -s | to form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel... |
| add -es | to form the plural of a noun ending in a consonant... |
| z-->c + es (spell change) | to make a noun or adjective that ends in "z" plural... |
| -a | most feminine nouns end in... |
| -o | most masculine nouns end in... |
| 1. before an unmodified noun that indicates profession, religion, nationality, political affiliation, and following the verb "ser"; 2. before "medio", "otro", "cierto"; 3. before the numbers "cien" (hundred) and "mil" (thousand) | when to omit the indefinite article (3) |
| me, te, se, nos, se | reflexive pronouns |
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